Due to massive consumption of alcohol in Australia Free Samples

Question: What Is The Due To Massive Consumption Of Alcohol In Australia? Answer: Introducation: Due to massive consumption of alcohol in Australia, the public health association of Australia came up with an alcohol policy in 2016.The policy is one of the health policies which is purposely meant to regulate the use of alcohol among the citizens of Australia. The public health association of Australia offers support to a comprehensive to prevention, research, support services and treatment to decrease the amount of alcohol used. The policy will continue to support and provide adequate resources to conduct a comprehensive, evidence-based approach aiming prevention and reduction of harm which alcohol cause to the users (Wilson et al., 2014). The policy targets to control the price of alcohols, its reliability and also its marketing. The policy aims to fund and bring awareness to the people through media and government agencies. It also concentrates on the reduction of drinking hours so that it will curb the number of individuals drinking alcohol. The exposure to children is also a big concern which the policy aims to address to avoid alcohol harm on children. Pregnant mothers are also the primary target where they are aimed to prevent the exposure of alcohol to the fetus. The policy got support from the society, and it has achieved most of its targets. Why this policy is necessary for health The alcohol policy in Australia is important policy to health. Consumption of alcohol causes disturbances in the balance of the body. One will not be in position control the body hence he/she will walk out of control and possibly, one might fall into dangerous holes, river or even crashed by a vehicle leading to death. Also, due to or judgment brought by the use of alcohol, drivers in roads put themselves at high health risk because they lose control and cause a fatal accident (Livingston et al., 2013) The extreme drinking and use of alcohol cause a mental problem called psychosis. It is where the hallucinations develop. When such heavy drinker stops drinking alcohol, the psychotic symptoms develops and results to delirium. The heavy drinking of alcohol reduces the number of oxygen-carrying RBCs; a condition called anaemia. The issue triggers some symptoms such as lightness, fatigue and short of breath. However, alcohol consumption is well known to cause cancer risks. These risk threats come in when the body system converts alcohol potential carcinogen called acetaldehyde. The areas which are linked to cancer include pharynx, mouth, oesophagus, breast and larynx. Heavy drinking of alcohol leads to clumping of the platelets which can result in heart attack. Studies which have been done indicate that the binge drinking of alcohol results to two-fold death risks in individuals who survived the heart attack. Cardiomyopathy also is caused by heavy drinking of alcohol (DiClemente et al., 2013). It is a condition which the heart muscles weakened and became faulty leading to heart rhythm abnormalities like the arterial fibrillation. Due to arterial fibrillation, the upper chambers of the heart became defective and will likely to cause blood clots resulting in stroke Alcohol is very toxic chemical to the cells of the liver. Due to heavy drinking, the drinkers developed cirrhosis. The condition scarred liver making it unable to function. The increase in age leads to leads to shrinking of brains at an average of 1.9% in per decade. It is a normal thing but exercises drinking of alcohol speeds shrinkage of some crucial parts of the human brain which results in dementia and loss in memory (Gao, et al., 2014). However, alcohol drinking causes the deficit in the capability to plan and make correct judgments and do some duties that have the high order abilities; therefore, alcohol drinkers do not possess the capacity to maximize the standard functions. Furthermore, alcohol drinking results to nutritional deficiencies which have the high potential of triggering dementia. The use of alcohol is detrimental to our health because it causes depression contrary to some theories which point the other way round. Due to inability to plan well the resources which drinkers have, they end up misusing them and eventually lead to depression which can cause strokes. Epilepsy has been associated with alcohol consumption (World Health Organization, 2014).However, it can results to seizures even in individuals who do not use alcohol. Also, it can obstruct the medications used to treat convulsions. Gout is a painful condition which results from the development of uric crystals within the joints. Some cases of gout are hereditary, but alcohol consumption aggravates the existing instances of gout. Prolonged use of alcohol causes disruption in the sympathetic nervous system meant for constriction and dilation of the blood vessels when responding to external conditions. Heavy use of alcohol specifically bingeing aggravates blood pressure. Chronic hypertension causes kidney failure, stroke and cardiovascular diseases. Use of alcohol had been associated with an implication of the immune system making the body susceptible to infection such as pneumonia, TB and some sexually transmitted diseases (Wetherill Tapert, 2013). Heavy drinkers of alcohol are likely to engage in unprotected sex. Among other effects of alcohol are nerve damage and pancreatitis. How the policy could be implemented Alcohol policy in Australia can be implemented using different channels. The government should reform the taxation card of the wine equalization tax, and the volumetric taxation should be removed in all alcohol products. The tax should be increased in goods which have higher volumes of alcohol through complementation by minimum cost per standard drink. Government regulation is needed to execute the independent controls of all kinds of alcohol promotion and advertising by concentrating on protecting on young population from exposure (O'donnellet al., 2014). However, the alcohol adverts in all media houses should be aired in late hours to avoid young generation from getting the message behind the use of alcohol. Guidelines in the on the outlet's density of alcohol and the trading times should be established (Scott et al., 2016). The cohesive regulation among liquor licensing bodies should be developed and also the government and planning departments should offer support to the strategi es aimed at minimizing the alcohol hazards. The laws regulating liquor should first consider public health as a crucial part and come up with a proactive approached in preventing the risks brought by alcohol. The health agencies should offer awareness programs across the country to make sure that people get to know the adverse effects of alcohol in their lives. However, all learning institution should incorporate the consequences of alcohol use in their syllabus to ensure students get informed about the effects of alcohol consumption. The idea will form a foundation for making sure that the future generation is well informed on the implications posed by the use of alcohol (Scott et al., 2016). The government should enforce regulated labels warnings on the alcohol drinks aimed at increasing the awareness among the communities on the risks posed by excessive consumption of alcohol. The labels should be strategized in alcohol cans so that people can get the message well. They should use images which show parts of bodies that have been affected by alcohol to send a stern message to alcohol consumers on adverse effects of alcohol. Also, they should develop some programs such as warning labels on the fetal alcohol spectrum (O'donnell et al., 2014). Pregnant mothers should be thought during visits to clinic centers on the way consumption of alcohol can affect the unborn baby (Laslett et al., 2015). The government trough the ministry of public health should enhance their methods of collecting data on alcohol wholesales with an aim to support monitoring trends on the consumption of alcohol and hazards. They should also evaluate the interventions to reduce alcohol-related effects. The public health also should continue initiating and participating in the alcohol policy so that it will propose proper measures that pertain the health of people. It should also continue to work in national alliance for action on alcohol to continue providing the comprehensive approach for minimizing the hazards posed by alcohol. The packed liquor also called take away leads in the amounts of alcohol sold in Australia (Critchlow et al., 2016). The house outlet and also stores density should be banned to reduce the health risks to the consumers. Due to mushrooming of unlicensed brew in Australia, the government should improve its measures in ensuring that it curbs the unregulated alcohol businesses to avoid people from being sold alcohol products which might contain methanol poison. Furthermore, due to increasing deaths resulting from the use of alcohol, the Australian government should stop issuance of alcohol businesses licenses. References Critchlow, N., Moodie, C., Bauld, L., Bonner, A., Hastings, G. (2016). Awareness of, and participation with, digital alcohol marketing, and the association with frequency of high episodic drinking among young adults.Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy,23(4), 328-336. DiClemente, R. J., Hansen, W. B., Ponton, L. E. (Eds.). (2013).Handbook of adolescent health risk behavior. Springer Science Business Media. Gao, C., Llyod, B., Ogeil, R. (2014).Alcohol's burden of disease in Australia. Laslett, A. M., Mugavin, J., Jiang, H., Manton, E., Callinan, S., MacLean, S., Room, R. (2015). The hidden harm: Alcohols impact on children and families.Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education.: Canberra. Livingston, M., Dietze, P., Ferris, J., Pennay, D., Hayes, L., Lenton, S. (2013). Surveying alcohol and other drug use through telephone sampling: a comparison of landline and mobile phone samples.BMC medical research methodology,13(1), 41. O'donnell, A., Anderson, P., Newbury-Birch, D., Schulte, B., Schmidt, C., Reimer, J., Kaner, E. (2014). The impact of brief alcohol interventions in primary healthcare: a systematic review of reviews.Alcohol and alcoholism,49(1), 66-78.Wilson, I. M., Graham, K., Taft, A. (2014). Alcohol interventions, alcohol policy and intimate partner violence: a systematic review.BMC public health,14(1), 881. Scott, S., Muirhead, C., Shucksmith, J., Tyrrell, R., Kaner, E. (2016). Does industry-driven alcohol marketing influence adolescent drinking behaviour? A systematic review.Alcohol and alcoholism. Wetherill, R., Tapert, S. F. (2013). Adolescent brain development, substance use, and psychotherapeutic change.Psychology of Addictive Behaviors,27(2), 393. World Health Organization. (2014).Global status report on alcohol and health 2014. World Health Organization.

What Are the Differences Between Bacterial free essay sample

What are the differences between bacterial, viral fungal and parasitic infections? How is each treated? A bacteria is a living cell organism that can survive inside our body and other non living objects as well. There are both good and bad bacterias and the good bacteria is known to helps fight against the bad bacteria that makes its way into our bodies. According to a www. righthealth. com, less then 1% of bacteria is actually harmful to us. In fact, we couldnt survive without bacteria in our body. A bacteria infection is described as an imbalance of bacteria that can cause harm to our bodies. It occurs when the harmful bacteria enter our body through contaminated, non pasteurized or expired foods; cuts or sores on or skin; and even through open passages such as eyes, ears, teeth or genitals. Bacterial infections could be harmful to us because it produces toxins which damage surrounding cells. We will write a custom essay sample on What Are the Differences Between Bacterial or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Most bacterial infections are generally in one single area of the body and are characterized by pain and some swelling. The human body is not capable of fighting off most bacterial infections so they can mainly be treated with antibiotics. A viral infection is a type of infection by a virus. It is one in which is spreaded by a virus that is pathogenic to human beings. They are much smaller than bacteria and it is much more difficult to kill a virus than it is to kill bacteria. A virus cant grow or exist without any host cells. It could cause illnesses as minor as the common cold or as severe a AIDS. Unlike Bacterial Infections, antibiotics do not kill viruses and the use of them for viral infections could lead to an antibiotic resistance. There are only a few antiviral medications, but the best thing to do when facing a viral infection is let it run its course. A fungal infection could affect many parts of the body and can be one of the more difficult pathogen types to treat. Healthy individuals have a very high level of immunity to fungi and most fungal infections are mild and self limiting. A fungal infection could be considered easy to treat and harmless. Very common types of fungal infections are athletes foot, jock itch, ringworm and yeast infections. People who are mainly at risk for fungal infections are those who are taking strong antibiotics for a long period of time. Antibiotics kill bacteria and that includes the good bacteria as well. This could alter the balance of the microorganisms in the month, vagina, intestines and other places in the body. It can typically result in an over growth of fungus. People with a weakened immune system are more likely to develop a fungal infection. This could include people with HIV/AIDS, people who are taking steroids medications, and people who are on chemotherapy. Fungal infections can be treated with a treatment plan that best fits the specific type of fungal infection. A parasitic infection, which I believe is the worse of them all, is a contamination of one organism with another living organism that then starts to feed or live in the initial organism. With humans, this typically means infections with very large parasites that can be seen. The most common of them are tapeworms. When people have parasitic infections they become extremely sick because their bodies are not suppose to be a host to organisms of these types. This organisms can cause great harm to our bodies including death if they are not removed. It is very easy to get a parasitic infection from untreated drinking water, uncooked meats, raw fruits and vegetables or even having direct contact with the parasites through animal droppings. A parasitic infection affects the gastrointestinal tract and it may cause flu like symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea for long periods of time. Tapeworms dont usually cause flu like systems but they survive causing other problems. They survive by eating away part of the foods that people consume and this could lead to severe malnutrition. In order to treat a parasitic infection people must go through a course of anti parasitic medication that can usually last several months. To have a parasitic infection is horrible and I couldnt imagine having to deal with such a thing. It makes me want to think twice about the food I eat, the fruits and vegetables I buy, and the animals I come across.

Recruitment Methods free essay sample

The most appropriate recruitment methods for shop management trainees are business college recruitment and job fair. For college recruitment, first, the salary for college students are cheap, it saves the cost of recruitment. Also, students has high learning ability and enthusiastic attitude, they are willing to learn, therefore, they are easier to train. Besides, some undergraduates and postgraduates are specialized in management in a business college, I. G. Boutique can recruit among qualified applicants. Furthermore, recruit colleges as management trainees can create sense of belongingness among employees, they have potential to be a future manager in the company. For job fair, as many employers in a job fair come from professional association, it attracts abundant applicants especially fresh graduates from different colleges to apply job there. Also, I. G. Boutique don’t have to contribute staff to organize the job fair as the sponsor will organize it. It help them saving cost and resources. We will write a custom essay sample on Recruitment Methods or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The most appropriate selection methods for shop management trainees are interest, values and preference inventories and group interview. For interest, values and preference inventories, as I. G. Boutique want to be cost effective in training management trainees, they will definitely want outstanding trainees to stay and become the future manager. Therefore, it’s better to choose interested and qualified applicants because they have a higher chance to stay. This method can assess the interest of applicants prefer to do both on and off the job so that the employees can measure the occupational interest and chose the enthusiastic and stable applicants. For group interview, a group of candidates are given a case to solve, through the process of discussion, interviewer can access the leadership skills and communication skills of candidates which are essential element for management trainees. As different selection methods are used in selecting management trainees and there are even multiple selection methods, assessment center can be used as it provides different selection methods. As management trainees are trained to be future mangers, they are potential high-level jobs, it’s better to assess their leadership and communication skills in more accurate selection method. As assessment center form by a group of professional, KSAOs can be measure more accurate. The most appropriate recruitment methods for window display designer are design association recruitment and employment agencies. For design association recruitment, as the members of the association are specialized in design, I. G. Boutique can recruit among qualified applicants. Also, some experienced members have they own designer network, they will refer the recruitment to suitable designer. That is an indirect effect by using the network of the members. Besides, some design association publish magazine as well, we have higher recognition which attract readers to read the website where I. G. Boutique post the advertisement. For employment agencies, they will search suitable applicants and send the CV to I. G. Boutique, then, I. G. Boutique are able to choose the best among the suitable applicants. The most appropriate selection methods for window display designer are performance test and panel interview. For performance test, the applicants are asked to do immediate performance like to do a window display immediately in a given resources, the interviewer can measure the quality and the style of the candidates whether it suits the theme of the boutique or not. For panel interview, though the process of chatting with the panel, the interviewer can access whether applicants are agree with the design style requirement of panels. As window display designers give a first impression of the Boutique, it is very important whether the image fix the expression of the whole branch of the boutique. The most appropriate recruitment methods for general clerk are state job services and online recruitment. For state job service, it is secure as it is organized by the state. It is suitable for low to middle level of employees as I. G. Boutique is not as large enough to have its own human resources department, it saves cost for the boutique. For online recruitment, it can attract more job seekers as they can check the internet anytime and anywhere. Also, it is convenience that applicants can send CV easily by enjoying the sending CV system provided by the online recruitment agency. The most appropriate selection methods for general clerk are performance test such as typing test and in- basket exercises. For performance test, the interviewer can access the actual performance of the applicants by providing a typing test. It is more accurate to measure the quality and level of the applicants. For example, a typing test can not only measure the typing speed, but also the accuracy of the typing. For in-baskets exercises, as general clerk has many tasks to do and their work content is mainly related to the filing like memorandum, phone calls and letters that require a response, therefore, the clerk should be able to arrange the tasks according to the priority, in- baskets exercises provide a chance for the interviewer to test the scheduling ability of the interviewers. The most appropriate recruitment methods for sales are online recruitment and internal recruitment. For online recruitment, the applicants can access the internet anywhere and anytime, it is convenience for them to apply. Also, Internet becomes a very popular tool for searching jobs, posting a job on internet increase the exposure of the jobs. It can increase the number of applicants. Besides, online recruitment is convenience for job seekers as they can simply click a few buttons then apply the job successfully. For example, some online recruitment platforms require the users to fill in the resume, once the users find their favor jobs, they can click a few buttons, and then the system will automatically send the resume to the employees. Furthermore, online posting is more cost effective as they are much loose in limitation of job description. They can hold a longer time a a cheaper cost. For internal recruitment, it is cheap in cost and fast in time. Because it requires relatively less cost-consuming advertisements and procedures like directly posting on the organization website or sending internal mass mail or even sticking a note. Also, it can create a better internal reputation and image like promoting an experienced sale to a whole new branch as a full time sale. Besides, internal recruitment ensure the quality of the employees as they have been worked for the boutique for a certain period of time, they understand the operation of the boutique. This method is reliable. The most appropriate selection methods for sales are individual interview and job knowledge test. For individual interview, the interviewer can assess the communication skills of the applicants like language fluency as well as the attitude like politeness. It also allows the interviewer to inform the interviewees the job content of the position. For a job knowledge test, the interviewer can test the understanding of the applicants as a sale, if the applicant is experienced, it saves the cost and resource of training. The most appropriate recruitment methods for delivery man are state job services and college recruitment in specialized driving school. For state job services, it is more secure as it is organized by government. Also, it is suitable for low-middle employees who don’t have their own human resources departments. For college recruitment in a specialized driving school, as they are qualified and potential job seekers, recruiting among a qualified pool saves the time of searching qualified candidates. The most appropriate selection methods for delivery man are motor work sample test and performance test. For motor work sample test, the applicants are asked to demonstrate in front of the interviewer to test the actual ability of the candidates. As delivery man need to manipulate the motor, it is very important to test the stability of the candidates in actual situation. For performance test, the applicants are asked to perform in front of the interviewer of how communicate with the consumers once arrive the consumer’s location. Communication skill and attitude are require for handling consumers.

Research Paper Marketing - How to Find Good Topic Ideas

Research Paper Marketing - How to Find Good Topic IdeasResearch paper marketing is all about taking on market research projects and writing articles about it. It is an opportunity for a student to get a good return on his or her efforts and earn real money while learning at the same time.For most students, this form of writing is nothing but good business, and can be a lot of fun as well. It is fun to write and you can take on many different types of research paper marketing topics, so that you are able to earn more money as you go along.You can choose your own research paper marketing topics from a number of different topics, and you can also write articles about them. You will find that if you write about a certain type of topic, you will have a better chance of getting traffic to your website and eventually be able to convert that traffic into leads.Of course marketing about a subject as controversial as drugs is going to create controversy, so you should consider this fact when s electing research paper marketing topics. Writing about the negative effects of drugs is a controversial topic and there will always be someone with a different opinion.Of course, if you are doing research paper marketing about a topic that is widely-accepted and where there are already some side opinions, then you will have a much better chance of converting traffic to your website. You can also learn about the effects of the media that you have in your area, which can give you a much better idea of what is happening in the area.One of the biggest advantages of researching about drug related research paper marketing topics is that if you have a bit of knowledge of what it takes to run a business, then you will be in a much better position to write these articles. You can write about the benefits of the market share, making profits, and sales per head when you are writing an article about the effects of drugs.You can also write about the alternative ways of delivering the drugs, suc h as by giving information directly through the internet and by partnering with local pharmacies. You can even find a lot of great article sites that will help you get started on your research paper marketing campaigns, and some sites will even let you submit your articles to their database.Once you are able to write quality articles and have your articles submitted to article marketing sites, you will begin to see your income begin to increase dramatically. If you find that you want to expand your marketing, you can always find an article marketing site that will allow you to build your own mailing list or article directories.

Codo Papers - Why coding Papers Are Best For Writing College Papers

Codo Papers - Why coding Papers Are Best For Writing College PapersCodo Papers is scientific and written assignments that require the student to use a computer in an orderly and organized manner. They do not use questionnaires, as they use coders that are trained to recognize patterns, spelling and grammar. This method of producing college level papers has been in use for over twenty years and has proven itself to be the most successful and efficient method of writing and scoring college level essays. Their training staff consists of highly qualified and highly experienced professional college level essay writers.Coded papers are required of all college students and sometimes high school students as well. Many students have said that the creation of the paper was a difficult task but rewarding. Their biggest challenge was to follow the directions given by the writers that had provided them with the instructions and the problem areas to be addressed. The courses are similar to traditi onal college level courses, but they are completely different from the standard format. Students need to use their imagination and creativity to come up with the correct answer to the questions.Codo papers are different from standard essay formats because they are set up in a logical and orderly manner. They are not structured according to any set form. All papers should have the correct citation format to enable you to easily refer back to what you are writing about. In other words, if you are using the figure 6 of the text, you will also be required to cite the source or your reference material such as diagrams or images. There are no errors in writing these papers.The placement of each topic is important because it determines your final grade. The students usually have the option of studying with the professor or reading the assignment from the computer themselves. Although many computer based papers have been sold to students, there are still many students who prefer to read the ir assigned papers.Coded papers can be prepared for a college level course. This type of class will usually start with a chapter on topics. At the end of each chapter, a set of questions will be posted for students to answer. To complete the code paper, the students are required to write a conclusion to match the questions posted at the end of the chapter.Codo Papers can be used in college or high school courses as well. The online format allows the students to work at their own pace and during their own schedule. When you decide to use the online format, it is not required that you submit the paper by a certain date. They can be made available to students immediately when they receive them. There is no need to spend a lot of time on preparing a paper for submission.The Codo Papers is the best solution for those individuals who do not like the idea of getting a report in a form that requires research. Students who would like to write an essay that is required for the class will find this form to be very useful. It allows them to keep the same structure throughout, even if they need to go back and revise things several times.The Codo Papers can be preparing to test in three different formats. The first format is an English format. This means that the content is divided into paragraphs and sentences and uses correct punctuation and capitalization. The second format is an objective format and is divided into three parts and consists of statements, questions and statements, and short paragraphs.

Research Papers on Happiness - How to Make Them Interesting and Informative

Research Papers on Happiness - How to Make Them Interesting and InformativeHave you ever found yourself stuck in the middle of a research paper and have wondered where to start? Well now is the time to get started because by following this guide you will learn how to make sure that your research papers on happiness are both interesting and informative.It is important to keep the information interesting to the reader. Let them have some fun and see if they can guess anything at all. If they find out anything interesting, then your research papers on happiness are more likely to be worthwhile.While it may seem like a difficult task, it really isn't. Just like any other research papers, there are just some things that you need to consider.Your essential information is where to start. For example, you should always include a self-examination question where people can answer themselves to see what makes them happy. You should also include some questions about your own life and some other people's lives so that people can get an idea of what happiness means to them.After that, you should then have some discussion questions. The purpose of these questions is to get people talking about what they find interesting. Letting people talk about what they find interesting can give you a great base for your research papers on happiness.When you are finished with all of this work, the last thing that you need to do is to write it all up. Now that the information has been compiled, the most important thing that you need to do is to put it into a workable document. A good research paper on happiness is about 200 pages, and these last two steps are what makes it work.The research papers on happiness that you will write can be used as either a study guide or as a system for learning about happiness. Whichever route you take, it is very important that you let the students have fun with it.

Case Study Report Panera Bread Company

Case Study Report Panera Bread Company Executive Summary Problem Statement After Au Bon Plain Corporation was sold off, Panera Bread Company found it easy to fund the expansion of its company-owned bakery-cafà ©s and franchise-operated bakery-cafà ©s across the United States in order to be one of the leaders in the quick-service restaurant industry.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Case Study Report: Panera Bread Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Analysis Panera Bread Company has endeavored to scrupulously formulate and apply appropriate strategy in order to achieve the objective of being one of the leading quick-service restaurants in the country. The company has over the years specialized in the provision of freshly baked breads, soups, salads, custom roasted coffees, among other cafà © beverages. The following briefly explain these strategies: Divesting Au Bon Pain as a subsidiary of Panera Bread Company with an aim of reserving more resourc es and focus them on the achievement of the objective. Providing a premium specialty bakery and cafà © experience to its customers by specializing on freshly baked breads, soups, salads, custom roasted coffees among others. The right choice of target market, urban workers and suburban dwellers, which is appropriate given its core business activity. The three-pronged expansion approach: company-owned bakery-cafà ©s, franchised bakery-cafà ©s, and bakery-cafà © supply chain facilities. The right choice of site location and signature cafà © design that gives the entire dining experience. Alternative courses of action Panera Bread should pursue cost leadership strategy by implementing target costing pattern of reducing production cost and pricing appropriately. Secondly, it should fully adopt bakery-cafà ©s supply chain without limiting it to the production of fresh sourdough. Recommendations The company should maintain its competitive advantage with regard to proper and seasonal ly revised menu, signature cafà © design and ambience. Moreover, it should expand its niche market and include other potential customers other than urban workers and suburban dwellers. Joint ventures or mergers are also important especially with fast-service restaurants. Implementation The implementation of these strategies lies with middle-level managers and departmental heads owing to the nature of the strategies. Panera Bread has a rather solid financial base and the allocation of finances to the strategic business units should be based be based on Igor Ansoff’s model. Summary Panera Bread Company specializes in the running of bakery-cafà ©s and it positions itself by providing quality and freshly baked breads and other bakery products to its customers across the United States.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The products and services rendered by the c ompany are tailor-made for urban workers and suburban dwellers who require quick-restaurant services. Given the high quality products and services that the company provides, Panera Bread was rated among the best 121 competitors in the quick-service restaurant industry by Sandleman Associates in 2005 (Thompson, 2007, p. 2). This success is attributed to Ron Shaich’s wisdom to divest Panera’s subsidiary, Au Bon Pain Corporation in order to allow Panera Bread marshal its resources toward becoming one of the leading fast-casual restaurant chains in the country. The management adopted a three-pronged approach to its expansion strategy by operating company-owned bakery-cafà ©s, franchise-operated bakery-cafà ©s, and a bakery-cafà © supply chain facility that guarantees the quality of fresh dough used in all Panera outlets. In the outlets, the company adopted a uniform provision of specialty bakery and cafà © experience in the form of artisan sourdough breads made with c raftsman’s attention to quality and detail. It specialized in freshly baked breads, soups, salads, custom roasted coffees, among other cafà © beverages. Consequently, the company’s competitive advantage was distinctive menu, signature cafà © design, inviting ambience, operating systems, and unit locations. It could thus compete in five submarkets of the food-away-from home industry (Thompson, 2007, p. 3). Shaich’s wisdom had been adopted as the company’s long-term objective and the above strategy â€Å"was to make Panera Bread a nationally recognized brand name and to be the dominant restaurant operator in the specialty bakery-cafà © segment (Thompson, 2007, p. 3). The management further introduced Panera fresh catering to extend its market to workplaces, schools, parties, and home gatherings. Moreover, its marketing strategy focused on the competition based on providing an entire dining experience, not on lower pricing only.Advertising We wil l write a custom report sample on Case Study Report: Panera Bread Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The management thus projected to expand the number of Panera Bread locations by 17% annually through 2010 and achieve 25% growth rate of earnings per share annually. In fact, according to the selected statistics of the company (2000 – 2006), its financial returns were impressive and expansion both by company-owned units and franchised ones, were equally progressive and consistent with the objective. Analysis Panera Bread Company seems to be operating its business smoothly toward the achievement of its objective as one of the leaders in the quick-service restaurant industry in the U.S. The company’s CEO, Ron Shaich managed to convince the board of Au Bon Pain Corporation, then a subsidiary of Panera Bread, to divest the business in order to reserve some resources for the implementation of the strategy. This was an important step that facilitated the expansion of the business through establishing more company-operated as well as franchise-operated units in target market. Furthermore, extra finances was used by the company to enhance its menu and start providing all round meals apart from the casual/quick-service baked food (Thompson, 2007, p.13). The concept used by the company enables it to provide a premium specialty bakery and cafà © experience to its customers. It specializes in freshly baked breads, soups, salads, custom roasted coffees et cetera. The company’s chosen target market, urban workers and suburban dwellers, is appropriate given its core business activity. The rationale is that these customers are busy and in need of quick service meal and an exquisite dining experience. However, the company should not pursue this crop of customers only if it has to be the leader in the industry for this will limit its customer base in the long run and curtail the achievement of its objective.Ad vertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Product and service positioning of Panera Bread is excellent for it helps attract customers to the outlets. The distinctive menu that consists of freshly baked food, whole grain foods, and a variety of foodstuffs; the signature cafà © design and cosy ambience; the operating system, et cetera, are strategy that define this positioning. The positioning was encapsulated in the CEO’s speech during the 2005 annual report: â€Å"†¦it’s our Product, Environment, and Great Service (PEGS) that we count on to deliver our success† (Thompson, 2007, p. 3). Panera Bread has made PEGS its competitive advantage in the industry and has therefore, attracted more diners in its nationwide outlets. Panera Bread adopted a novel strategy toward expanding its market share by rolling out a Panera fresh catering program. Through it, the company is able to access the untapped markets in workplaces, schools, parties, and home gatherings. The ambassadors of the company take Paneraâ₠¬â„¢s core business activities outdoors to these places with a bid to win their loyalty to the brand. The strategy of market penetration is good for a company that targets the top position in a country’s restaurant industry. Moreover, Panera’s marketing strategy designed to incorporate PEGS, in addition to low pricing is a plus for the company. In tandem with the strategy is the company’s policy on site selection and cafà © environment, which should be within the target market and exquisite enough to reinforce the ‘entire dining experience’ marketing strategy (Thompson, 2007, p. 8). The three-pronged approach that Panera Bread has adopted as an expansion strategy is commendable. It facilitates its growth by operating company-owned bakery-cafà ©s and through franchising, which has been the company’s key component of market penetration. Given the importance of franchise operation to the company, the management has established stringent criter ion for selecting franchisee candidates. The criterion ensures that the franchisee adheres to the standards provided by Panera Bread Company both in terms quality and pricing of its products and services. Franchising enables the company to get more revenues, paid in form of royalties of about 4% 5% on sales and a franchise fee of $35,000 per bakery-cafà ©; and at the same time expand its customer base. By 2006, the company was in agreement with a total of 42 franchise groups spread in 54 markets in 34 states and were committed to opening 423 additional franchise-operated bakery-cafà ©s (Thompson, 2007, p. 9). To cut on cost and ensure standardization of fresh dough in all its stores, Panera Bread established a bakery-cafà © supply chain with a network of 17 regional facilities supplying fresh dough to both company-owned and franchised bakery-cafà ©s. This backward integration is not only economical to the company, but also an aspect of competitive advantage. The latter is achie ved through consistent quality and dough-making efficiency by the facilities. The management reckons that it is far much cheaper to dedicate the production of dough to a few facilities rather than having each bakery-cafà © perform the activity. Besides, the revenue generated by the facility adds to the profitability of the company-run bakery-cafà © segment of the business (Thompson, 2007, p. 11). From the foregoing discussion, it is evident that Panera Bread Company is scrupulous with its strategy of achieving market leadership objective. However, it faces a somewhat daunting task of outsmarting all the dominant players in the restaurant industry such as McDonald’s, Burger King, Taco Bells, among others. In other words, competition is rife in the industry and Panera Bread must polish its strategy to counter it. The fierce competition in the industry has thrown competitors to adopt differentiation strategy, by lower pricing, location and ambience, convenience, seasonal menu sensitive to consumers’ frequently changing tastes, et cetera. According to the report, the industry is lucrative with total forecast sales of about $511 billion in 2006 yet still growing at the rate of 5% per annum (Thompson, 2007, p. 12). Porter [Michael] would easily attribute this cutthroat competition to the industry growth and since Panera Bread does what everybody else is doing, it is high time it changed tact (Analoui Karami, 2003). For instance, it can incorporate in its current business line, fast-casual restaurant services in order to close the gap with its closest rivals and have virtually ‘everything’ in the industry under one brand: Panera Bread. Alternative Courses of Action Panera Bread can try cost leadership strategy and further differentiate its products and services to distinguish itself from the rest of players in the industry. Cost leadership comes with proper target costing measures that will substantially reduce cost of production. The co mpany has partly employed backward integration strategies insofar as acquiring fresh dough is concerned, nevertheless it ought to extend the supply chain strategy to all supplies the way McDonald’s does (Defee, Stank Esper, 2010). Business process re-engineering will enable Panera Bread to eliminate the non-value adding activities in the business process with a view of achieving the target cost. The company has a considerable strength in franchising segment of its business, which has made it expand its market share. To be able to achieve fully its objective, Panera Bread should try joint venture strategy or mergers with fast-casual restaurants to stand out from the rest in the industry. The combination of company-owned bakery-cafà ©s, franchised bakery-cafà ©s, holistic bakery-cafà © supply chain facilities, and joint ventures incorporated with excellent management will guarantee the achievement of the CEO’s vision of Panera Bread acquiring market leadership positi on. Recommendations Besides cost leadership strategy, holistic backward integration, and forming joint ventures/mergers with fast-casual restaurants, the management at Panera Bread Company should revise it marketing strategy. The niche marketing that it pursues is proper but it should expand the segment beyond urban workers, suburban dwellers, catering facilities. For instance, it can open its outlets around airports and subway stations to cater for the culinary needs of travelers, which is a relatively big market. It should maintain the delivery of quality fresh sourdough as well as the signature cafà © design and ambience and make its business consistent with PEGS. Revising the menu is also recommended owing to the changing lifestyles that Americans lead, which no doubt affects their eating habits. The company must therefore endeavor to satisfy the diverse but changing needs of its customers. The introduction of whole grain food products by the company is a commendable step towar d satisfying customer needs. Implementation All the alternative courses of action and recommendations form part of business and operational strategy to be handled by middle-level managers and departmental heads because they are geared toward gaining competitive advantage. Consequently, resources should be allocated to the strategic business units as per Igor Ansoff’s growth matrix (Barrow Molian, 2005, p. 176). Given the company’s financial statistics since 2000, it has the capacity to fund the implementation of these strategies. References Analoui, F. Karami, A. (2003). Strategic management in small and medium enterprises. New York, NY: Cengage Learning EMEA. Barrow, C. Molian, D. (2005). Enterprise Development: The Challenges of Starting, Growing and Selling Businesses. New York, NY: Cengage Learning EMEA. Defee, C.C., Stank, T.P. and Esper, T. (2010). â€Å"Performance implications of transformational supply chain leadership and followership† International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management. 40(10): pp. 763-791. Thompson, A. (2007). Case 8: Panera Bread Company. The University of Alabama.