Do human beings need illusions or fictions in order to live life Term Paper

Do human beings need illusions or fictions in order to live life meaningfully Why or why not Discuss by drawing on the work of two philosophers we have discussed this to defend your claim - Term Paper exemplarWith this, it can be claimed that meaningfulness is often defined in relation to an ideal figure or state. succession this may not necessarily imply that the ways to a meaningful life should be convertible to all people, it highlights the fact that its primary characteristics should be. Thus, more often than not, we use certain standards to evaluate a souls life.In our evaluation, however, we do not consider the four facets equally. Typically, we rank the facets this way, from most important to least(prenominal) important spiritual, personal, social, and professional. Thus, it is our idea of morality that usually influences our judgment of a meaningful life. Simply put, to live a meaningful life is to live a moral life.Morality, loosely defined, is the practice of healthy habits, freely and knowingly. Indeed, for a person to be moral, not only must he know the conceptual differences between untroubled and evil, he must also wholeheartedly do good acts. Through this example, we can see the be roles of knowledge and freedom in the formation of good character in a person.With this, it is the formation of good character that is regarded to be the concrete manifestation of a meaningful life. It is in the acquisition of virtues, which is a terminus of having done wise decisions in life, that makes a person truly happy. While we all agree that it is inbred for us to choose to do the good, understanding why and how we do so is hard. Thus, it is in the intention we be in possession of and the quality of good acts we do that ultimately define our character. And this is where the big issue starts.In this essay, we aim to miss light on the nature of a meaningful life (in the context of moral life) by feel at theistic and existentialistic positions. As for the existentialistic positions, we examine the teachings of Sartre and Kierkegaard. In the end, we intend to prove that morality can be accessed and practiced

Moments of excitatory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Moments of excitatory - stress ExampleWhereas I have always taken it as a family or religious obligation, it has never occurred to me that I was working for powerful masters. It is evident from the reading that definition of work can be as many as the people we have in the world. Although about obligations seem as voluntary, they very discipline as work. For instance, church volunteer ship does not seem like work at offshoot glance. However, the same qualifies as work although there may be lack of direct benefits. This makes us questions some of the things we do in life. For instance, is service to god work?Clergymen and other church leaders are gainful for work although they are actually serving God. On the other hand, church members volunteer their service to God without pay. It may be confusing when we seek to determine who, among volunteers or clergymen, actually works. Despite many definitions of work, many questions arise when volunteer ship comes into play. It makes us question whether people such as mother Teresa were actually working or volunteering service. Further, we would be interested to deconstruct whether they were working for God or for the people. Work is an kindle concept and understanding of underlying ideas needs to be

Role of Vision at Mentor Graphics Research Paper

Role of Vision at learn prowess - Research Paper ExampleMentor Graphics in its quest to stay up lost its direction and ended up struggling to stay afloat. In the process Mentor Graphics lost sight of what it had set out to achieve.Vision is being used as a competitive mantra to beat their opponents. This was a reactionist measure when a new entrant came into the scene. In ever-changing its vision because of competition, Mentor Graphics was focusing on its perfectly term goals and in essence abandoning its long goals. Instead of using vision as an agent would strategically bring about change, Mentor Graphics used change as an architect of its vision. This is simply catastrophic at the very least and non-strategic. other way vision is used is to capture the attention of its customer. Gerard Langeler and his team change their vision to make it to a greater extent appealing to them. Again this is a deviation from its set objectives. Mentor Graphics even goes as farther as basing t heir vision on the key pillars of their business based on stock performance. This random uncalculated take up sank them into a quagmire situation when one of their key pillars does not yield profits. Again this is a reactionary move necessitated by the need to fix a short-term goal (Gratton, 2004). The vicious cycle of helter-skelter conceived visions serves single to cast the company further away from their goals.The changes made to the vision of Mentor Graphics only favored it in the short term. Whilst its sales may have gone up in the short run, in the long run it distanced the company from its set out objectives hence business kept declining (Gratton,2004) .Thus the perpetual changes made to the vision only worked to weaken and hurt the company in its long term goals.The main(prenominal) reason why vision failed miserably at Mentor Graphics was lack of a well-conceived outline from the start. The company failed in strategically planning its course of action in the future. Their inconsistence in the criteria they used to stick to up with vision statements had long-term

Informtion Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Informtion Technology - show ExampleLarkin university faces the dual challenge of integrating itself into a university from a diverse group of colleges and at the comparable time deploying a technology blueprint to launch itself as a modern competitive educational institution.While traditional thinking may argue that technology deployment is a secondary tool-oriented task, modern approaches to study technology suggest that a sound IT strategy is not only a key enabler for the institutional plan but also an integrated part of it. As a result, correct technologies eject enable the required IS and corporate strategies to be achieved (Clarke, 2001, p. 107).A failure in an organisations IT and IS strategy can translate into a failure for the organisation itself. A strategy for IT is closely aligned and integrated with the institutions overall strategy for growth and competitive advantage.Organisations typically have a slow response time to change, peculiarly so in the case of wide s cale technology shifts. Larkin University has the unique ongoing challenge of combine existing collages into a university. This challenge could be turned into an advantage by using the new IT floor as the vehicle of change.Laptops for staff, lecturers and students are just the end user side of the sea change in IT infrastructure and IS strategy taking place at the university. A productivity environment with standardised IT/IS plan and common email would free the users from issues of compatibility and delays in support of disparate systems. An institution-wide Internet availability would allow the universitys intranet to be accessed from anywhere.This higher productivity environment would enable the staff and lecturers to concentrate on their core functions. value administrative applications such as scheduling, registration, fee, etc. can be deployed across the campus with minimum integration issues. Lecturers and students would act and have access to their

Entrepreneural process paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Entrepreneural process paper - Essay Example-environmental factors that the military control should consider in analyzing the market needs for generation of new ideas and creation of more business opportunities (Jennings et al, 2013). This strategic tool is useful for understanding the external market growth or decline, position of the business, potential and the attention that the operations should take. However, the woo does not focus on the analysis of the internal business environment. The other approach that can be applied by the entrepreneurs is the SWOT analysis. It focuses on Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats of a nursing business venture. Entrepreneurs hit the books the internal and the external business environments to understand the factors that are favourable or unfavourable for the business to come across its objectives. Undertaking the SWOT analysis is eminent for the entrepreneurs to understand the future strategies that will be put in place for the i mprovement of the business processes in achieving the set objectives. SWOT analysis is the more effective of the two approaches because it analyzes both the internal and the external environments in identifying needs for new-idea generation and recognizing new business

Global consideration Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global consideration Paper - Essay ExampleSince majority of HRM theories and practices, which are used by global organizations, have instigated from developed countries, most of the growing business organizations while expanding their business in the maturation countries choose to use these HRM practices abhorrently while ignoring the primary differences such as socio-cultural constraints. Therefore, while entering into the Indian market, Starbucks mustiness also adapt to HRM concepts and practices that are parallel to the Indian culture by keeping in slew the social and cultural factors. These factors are as followingLanguage issues Indian middle class race (target market of Starbucks in India) is perhaps a very educated one. Language barriers can almost be neglected in most of the areas since English is for the most part spoken as well as Hindi1. However, thither are some states in India where local languages are given more preference.Gender Issues India is generally considere d as a male dominated society where women are thought off as the sole care-takers wrong homes. While attempting to build a homogenous workforce, Starbucks HRM may face serious gender issues since men generally do not feel comfortable while working under women dominance in India. spectral practices As discussed earlier, India is a mixture of

THE IMF Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

THE IMF - Essay ExampleAside from all of these, the IMF has particularized functions and initiatives created to help ensure pecuniary stability in the world.The IMF, with its provision of world liquidity, allows countries to deposit reserves in a form of money, gold, or any convertible foreign currencies that can be used in times of needs or deficit, at least in a short span of time, go finding the resolution of financial problems may be ongoing (Gilpin, 2011, p.246). This initiative could be found beneath the Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), by which countries should make sure of official reserves as an exchange of IMFs supplementary actions for its members (International Monetary Fund, 2012). SDRs are potential claims on the freely usable currencies of IMF members, so they are uncomplete a currency, nor a claim on the IMF (International Monetary Fund, 2012). In other words, the IMF could provide the best cream in providing a country some financial alternatives while it may be s till looking for for eventual solutions to obtain the desired liquidity. Countries placing reserves at IMF are therefore able to obtain financial assistance especially in times they are in need of restoring financial liquidity.Liberalisation of foreign free trade is important for economic benefits. After all, international trade by itself affects the world economy. The IMF has a great role to play in the slackening of the economy. While regulations and policies are crucial to the success of the liberalisation of international free trade, the IMF considers some important steps in order to guarantee globalisation impart work for all. One important actions it comes to consider is a successful trade round (International Monetary Fund, 2001). jibe to its report, the IMF disclosed information revealing impoverished countries engaged with its policies and facilities to have come to

Product Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Product Assessment - Essay ExampleA product could therefore be rendered obsolescent due to its inability to meet the technical, functional or former(a) aspects whereas other products in the same telephone wire of operation may be consistently meeting these conditions. This paper will assess this idea with notification to the mart of tamp take in cassettes in the US. 2.0 Compact Cassettes Commonly known as cassettes with some even label them audio cassettes, they use a format of recording where the utilization of magnetic tapes. The sales for this product has ceaselessly been going doing in the US market as very few plurality ar nice more and more modern. The target market for audio cassettes has always been the young generation who spend roughly of their life time in the rural areas. According to the demographic data of the US released in April 2013, the agree population is slightly above 315million people. Out of this populace, about 82% are inhabitants of the cities lea ving other people approximating about eighteen percent in the rural areas. These therefore are the ones that are targeted by the compact cassettes due to the fact that the engineering in the rural areas has not been escalated to superiorer levels as seen in the urban areas. Additionally, those who arent in a position to access compact discs are even better conform to to use the compact cassettes. Another dimension on the same issue is that the compact cassettes use usual gadgets like radio cassettes which are not wholly dependent on technology (Lee & Winzenried, 2009). Others like the CDs look complicated machines and depend on the technical ability and aspects of the user. The rate of unemployment in the USA, according to the same statistics, has track the 7% mark which means that most of these people will opt for cassettes in larger outperform to cut on their costs. The disposable income for this fraction of the entire population is low thus should devise other means of surv ival whereby low cost products will be sought for. However, the market for these products has been going polish up considerably and the same may face an imminent decline. The sales being registered create gone down tremendously and although these products are still performing well, peoples interest in them is becoming scarce by day. This has been rendered certain by a myriad reasons, most of which the cassettes have failed to satisfy. Technical obsolescence takes the center stage in the consentient affair. The advent of CDs and other gadget that purpose to serve the same line of business coupled with technology has superseded the old audio cassettes in spite of them being still in functionality. For example, introduction of multimedia of high quality including the DVDs have rendered the compact cassettes useless due to their unreliability and lack efficiency (Kalb, 2000). To therefore rest consistent with the advancing technology in electronics, many people today in the US have opted for other alternative means to augment their music thirst and needs. Many other version which are newer in the industry has been introduced which also gives a blow to the usage of audio cassettes. Furthermore, the technologies available in the market have gone a series of transformation thus are no longer in a position to produce the cassettes or even repair them. The cassettes

‘A Critical Exploration of Organisational Structures and Essay

A Critical Exploration of Organisational Structures and Cultures - Essay ExampleThe gloss of any college evolves with the emanation of time and it depends on several factors like the infrastructure, composition of the college lecturers and steering style. A good college culture result certainly aid in tyrannical behavioral changes among the students which in turn would be instrumental in their career building and society development. Hence, any organization would wish to impart meaningful college culture among the students. In United res publica, several college organizations have been working hard to inculcate good culture among their college students. For achieving this goal, al the positive factors influencing the college culture have to be promoted and negative factors have to be controlled. Organization structure is most serious factor that influences the college culture in United Kingdom. Let us analyze how the organization structure influences the college cultureThe org anization structure will have tremendous influence on the college culture (Anderson, 2007). It will set the style of the presentation of the students and other functionaries in the college. In United Kingdom, the college culture is significantly influenced by the organizations structures and college management bodies. The technological advances and information technology also brought significant changes in the college culture in United Kingdom (Kouzes and Posner, 2003). One of the most important effects of organization structure on college culture is contributed by the fast advances in the technologies available to librarians to access, manage and deliver information to students and researchers. Better library services would help in having better access to diversified information of the different parts of the world which in turn would arouse the broader knowledge of the students or clients and hence their culture would witness tremendous change. At the same time, the emergence of in the altogether technology may also

Corrections Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Corrections - Research Paper ExampleTherefore, this paper evaluates the various available forms of department of corrections for offenders ranging from immurement to community based corrections. Appreciating the important role played by correction officers in charge of manipulation and controlling prisoners, the paper evaluates the in-depth responsibilities of these officers, their academic qualifications and attributes necessary for effective executions of their mandate. It would similarly be critical to analyze the classifications of prisons and the warranter levels that define these classifications. Introduction In the US, sentencing ranges from restitution, fines, probation supervision, community service, suspended sentences and bonds terms to execution in cases of with child(p) offences. Sentencing as a legal process defines the anticipation of the correctional mesh which carries out these sentences. The correctional function on the other hand define the last component of the immoral justice activities continuum in the criminal justice system responsible for the execution of sentencing orders issued by criminal approachs (Cripe, Pearlman & Kosiak, 2012). Correction encompasses the probation authority, jail terms, community corrections agencies, prisons and paroling authorities. In addition to these five traditional and principal components of corrections, this component of the justice system could also embroil clerks of courts charged with collection of fines and restitution money and also those who assist in the supervision of offenders in the community. Probation refers to imprisonment alternative sentences which allow the defendant to be integrated into the community, stay at home and continue on the job(p) (Cripe, Pearlman & Kosiak, 2012). However, such a person would be needed to report to a probation officer on a regular basis for counseling and assistance in crises. Violation of the conditions normally imposed by the court to govern the d efendants activities could result in negative report being submitted to the court. If serious enough, the probation could be revoked by the court. The courts rely on probation officers for such reports which could pull in the defendant to be imprisoned. Lack of payment of fines and restitutions could cause the defendant to possibly face a jail term to serve as a sanction. As another form of correction, incarceration involves confining inmates in a prison. These include boot camps, weekend programs, half-way houses, also referred to as residential reentry centers and other entities for locking up individuals overnight. But a prisoner could be released in the first place finishing the prison term if such a prisoner agrees to abide by certain conditions. This is referred to as parole and if the parole conditions get violated, the prisoner could be returned to prison. Fines would normally be used with or in lieu of prison terms. Less severe crimes such as traffic offenses have come to calculate fines as the acceptable mode of punishment due to being penal, easier to administer and easily fits within a wide range of severity of crimes. However, it has been argued as being unavailable to indigent defendants and not being punitive enough for the wealthy defendants (Clear, Cole, Reisig & Petrosino, 2012). Restitution on the other hand tries to make the injured whole finished administration of monetary awards as damages. In as much as

Understanding Best Methods in Evidence-Based Practices in Healthcare Research Paper

apprehension Best Methods in Evidence-Based Practices in Healthcare and for Nurses - Research Paper ExampleIn todays medical world, electronic clinical randomness systems (ECIS) are now found in every infirmary and clinic setting, allowing for nurses and doctors to quickly access information electronically and apply solutions immediately at the patients bedside. When medical staff are able to complete forms and search for information electronically using national criterion code terms (or SNLs) on hand-held devices, this eliminates the older practices of having to return to ones desk to look up information in books and office folders and then notate everything on paper. Eliminating excess time by having man-portable access to electronic medical information databases on the go, provides the environment in all clinics and hospitals of quickly and accurately providing efficient solutions and operations for all concerned (Allread et al., 2004). The ability for nurses to conduct resear ch in like manner provides the development infallible for gaining experience in addressing clinical questions about cases and confronting ethical issues (Webb, 2011). Clinical research also provides opportunities to build a strong foundation of scientific information and knowledge, particularly applicable to clinical settings. Research in evidence-based systems also provides opportunities in developing processes within the nursing management sector as part of delivering better information and infrastructure in hospitals and clinics, between management and staff and between management, staff, and patients (Webb, 2011).

Consumers Activities and Consumption Assignment

Consumers Activities and Consumption - Assignment ExampleAnthony Giddens has theorized consumption as a concurrent basis and redress response to the predicament of identities, originating from the pluralization of societies, their values as well as knowledge within the post-traditional social universe. otherwise post-modernists consumption researchers, like Baudrillard, have theorized consumption and the practices of consumer society as the semiotic system whereby signs are consumed and non just the products. For instance, societies are recognized by the institution and expansion of exchange networks by which individuals acquire natural goods plus services. This is evident in the messages in which firms convey, such as the Scotland Food & Drink Ltd vision which states that in order to make Scotland globally acknowledged as a place of quality food and drink, they hire together their clients to discuss the organization successes, its problems, and ideas. Hence, the firm harness th e combined resources of its entire supply chain and the consumer s within the general public so as to celebrate their products.According to Don Slater, the consumer culture is an locomotive for redirecting any reflection of critical consciousness towards product desires, whereby the trouncing of consciousness is characterized by manipulation as well as persuasion. Furthermore, the consumption and consumer society is theorized as an opulent and materially satisfying consciousness that has replaced the accredited society with desires which are more purposeful to capitalism.

Good Will Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Good Will - Assignment ExampleThe total of sporty determine includes liabilities assumed and the recognized intangible assets. When the amount of goodwill is negative, that is when the purchase consideration is less than the total fair value of acquired assets, the excess is said to be profit (Deloitte 2014).1. The firm calculates the fair value of a reportage unit. It compares the fair value with the carrying amount of the unit. When the carrying amount is more than the fair value, the firm proceeds to the second timber (Brice 2014).Accountants who perform personal tax returns are the de facto first line in the implementation of the individual mandate. insurance policy accountants will question clients if they possess health insurance. The accountants calculate fines for clients who lack the insurance as per the law. The new health care puts insurance accountants in political conversations that did not exist before. It requires them to remain privy regarding their clients compli ance with the law (White 2014).Brice, Steven. adjective Differences in Impairment Testing. American Institute of CPA. N.p., 23 Mar. 2009. Web. 14 Apr. 2014. .Tilly, Baker. FASB issues simplified standards for goodwill impairment testing. insights. N.p., 1 Jan. 2011. Web. 14 Apr. 2014. .White, Dennis. CPAs Examine Impact of Health Care Decision. AccountingWEB. N.p., 25 July 2012. Web. 14 Apr. 2014.

The Political Economy of Global Communication Essay

The semipolitical Economy of Global Communication - Essay ExampleIt has become a catch-22. As Peter Wilkin (2001) states, the style of communication is a dangerous weapon to be placed in the hands of private institutions goaded by profit interests as much as it is when placed in the hands of monopoly state power. The news program media is this profit-driven organization, and its threat is real. The arena now is Iraq, now in the third year of a war sprung from the timidity of a threat. Today, the relationship between the state and the media in terms of supporting each others interests.The available luggage compartment of literature indicates that security issues have changed since World War II. The perceptions of people in the East differ greatly from those in the West due, in part, to media and communication as a whole. Prevention is often overlooked as an integral part of security. The case study will evaluate the role of the media in global security. often ownership of media, whether public or private, plays a role in the kind of communication people whitethorn receive. In addition, wealthy investors, owners, and sponsors can skew the presentation of communications messages two locally and globally. The media is a mightily and influential player in high stakes political games but is also a gibe in which a civil society gets information about global issues which now may regard them. Finally, this paper will examine how the Iraq crisis of 2002/2003, when the possible manufacture and stockpiling of weapons of mass destruction came to a peak, was both created and shaped by the media of both the linked States, the aggressor in this conflict, and Germany, the largest member of the European Union and a staunch opponent of the war. SECTION TWO LITERATURE REVIEWAccording to a study compiled by the World Watch Institute, security tops the lists of concerns for most nations (State of the World, 2005). National security is frequently referred to as the militar y, or the military and homeland security and has resulted in the creation of the Department of Homeland Security in the United States. However, according to Anita Dancs, (2006), director of the National Priorities Project and Security Policy Working Group member, securing our nation has trey components the military, homeland security and preventive measures. Preventive measures refer to actions, plans and policies that neutralize or prevent violent conflicts (Dancs, 2006). Undoubtedly, the media plays a new role in global security by virtue of its position in the communications marketplace. They determine public opinion and can shape decisions and alter perceptions of problems. For example, Paul Rogers (2005) reports that even though pairing Americans typically respond to surveys that violence is on the rise both nationally and internationally, worldwide violence is very diminishing. The Human Security Report reveals that the procedure of armed conflicts has decreased by more th an 40% , and the go of major conflicts(which it defines as resulting in 1,000 or more battle-deaths) has declined by 80% (Rogers, 2005). The report also notes that the number of autocratic regimes is decreasing as well. This is an important consideration because, as Stephen Krasner (1983) has delineated, regimes are based upon norms and principles which do not change without a revolutionary impetus. For example, if a terrorist regime acts upon the principles of their religion and seek to fight a holy war, such as in the tragedy of 9/11,

Nation and Race from Mein Kampf Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nation and Race from Mein Kampf - Essay ExampleThis route the lead will get degraded. He believed that nature is against it and higher development of organic living beings would n constantly be possible if this is allowed. He strongly believed that all species are inherently distinguishable in owning the different characteristics such as strength, intelligence, endurance etc. and that is how they are made by nature. Cat will never be friendly with mice and similarly fox will non show any humanitarian port toward geese. Nature does not throw out inferior species by rule and it allows weaker to succumb. Natures evolutionary process works to promote towards stronger and stronger species by eliminating the weaker ones. North America shows a different culture from Central and South America because they did not mix with lower colored concourse thus, remaining racially pure and that is how they became master of the continent. He argues that racial breeding will not only lower down th e level of higher race still will also cause the intellectual and physical degradation. any act to promote this will equal to an act against the will of creator of this universe. Anyone doing this means that he or she is acting against the will of nature and that in the end will lead them to doom. He opines that all great cultures of the past did not survive because this purity of race was not maintained. The cultures are preserved by men and those men need to be preserved who named it. Thus, the stronger and the vanquish only should come out victorious in this process. Only those who fix courage to fight have right for living in this world. These are the innate laws of nature and men can never deluge the nature and her laws. Whenever anybody does so they are likely to meet with misery, and misfortune. Those who disregard the racial laws will lose happiness. fit to him, all human progress will depend upon the marching of the best race ahead. He strongly believed that all the art, sciences, and human cultures were a contribution of the Aryan race. Aryan was the most choice race that ever lived on this earth if they are taken out there will be total night on this earth and all development will go away. Hitler does not consider all races equal. He categorically differentiates among them in various characteristics such as intellect, strength, power, endurance. He strongly believes that all development has been make by superior race (the Aryan race) throughout the ages. Any cross breeding between superior and inferior will create only weaker offspring. Purity in breeding is essential to have much superior, stronger and powerful offspring. These are laws of nature and any attempt to sabotage them will bring despair and sobriety for all. All development will go to backyard. A more simple way of telling Hitlers philosophy is that all men are not equal and there is no need to create equality amongst them. Nature has made them like that and they need to fig ht to survive and that is all natures way of doing. Letter from Birmingham Jail In 1963, Martin Luther king, Jr. wrote to the Clergymen from jail addressing the woes of racial discrimination that were being met to the people in the Birmingham. Birmingham is known for its records of brutality in the past. Negroes were treated most unjustly in the courts and whenever they tried to look for justice from the city fathers they never gave any heed to their woes. Birmingham stores displayed racial signs and in spite of the promises they were not removed. In his letter, he speaks about the racial discrimination that Negro Children have to face embarrassment that they cannot visit the open amusement parks just like their white friends. That creates unhealthy bitterness in the

Influence of face-to-face communication on customer satisfaction Dissertation

Influence of face-to-face communication on customer satisfaction - Dissertation recitationThe main challenge of this study is the target audience (from the meat East). There is a constant cultural conflict surrounded by Western and Eastern worlds and the sphere of business is not an exception. A full(prenominal)-cultural context of the Middle East countries should be the foremost triggers for the development of assist trade campaigns by the Western partners. There is a strong influence of historical and cultural traditions on business in the Middle East (Smith, Peterson & Thomas, 2008). Patience, fealty and the conservative nature of the businessmen or customers from the Middle East implies that the Western businessmen should be of high cultural proficiency. For example, face-to-face communication supposes the communication of two individuals from different cultural contexts (a western manager and an easterly service customer). Such issues, as the principle of seniority, res pect to the elder people, and low risk-taking behavior of the Easterners should be taken into account while providing them with certain services. This challenge is not facilitated in case telephone or electronic communication means is used. Electronic communication would take less time to deal with the customers, but it does not discard the importance of cultural markers in the process of getting services. Moreover, there is a need to engage some changes in the style of communication, when face-to-face communication is an opportunity for single activities (e.g. talking), telephone communication double up activities (talking and searching in the Internet). Electronic communication as well as telephone communication consumes less time and is much focused on factual tasks completion (Elving, 2005). The gap in the lit In spite of the fact that cross-cultural communication and means of communication between the companies and customers defend been wide discussed, there is a lack of st udies focused on an integrative discussion of these issues. Solomon et al. (1985, p.99) propose, that the dyadic interaction between a firm and a customer is an important determinant of the customers satisfaction. but on, the researchers were focused on the growing role of the modern technologies and the Internet (Aron, 2006 Kasper, Helsdingen & Vries, 1999 Little & Little, 2009). The communication between customers and service providers is more effective when they use modern technologies, but at the same time it is also actually important to develop face-to-face communication. The advantages of Internet communications is outlined in the following manner Consumers have bargaining power, and they are beginning toexercise it. They begin toexercise the right toknow what the price should be (Steinbock, 2000). On the other hand, Internet communications was considered as inefficient two decades ago. Currently, an important role of virtual(prenominal) communities cannot be denied. Theref ore, modern companies should integrate dyadic approach to communication with the customers and business partners, such as in the flesh(predicate) and virtual communication. Communication in the service marketing Moreover, the specific nature of servicesmarketingimplies more tricky strategies than in strategies used in product marketing. Thus, for successful operation of the Western service marketing

Ownership and Control as Important Aspect of the Media Essay Example for Free

Ownership and Control as Important Aspect of the Media EssayDiscuss both contrasting theories and relevant studies to explain the extent to which self-will and control is an important aspect of the media.The term big bucks media is essentially information which is targeted at a rotund audience. The Mass media is a global industry which has played a major(ip) role in do society over the 20th century. As technology has developed and created the opportunity to communicate with huge numbers game of people, the mass media has developed and with it the medias impact on society. Over the last fifty historic period the media has changed its plaster cast yet again to fit in with our increasingly technological society various forms of new media soak up appeargond smartphones, laptops, internet and ipods. The general aim of these new mediums is to allow greater flexibility to the user and access media spot mobile, also they are not physical forms of media except electronic, whic h has its feature advantages and disadvantages.There have also been major changes in ownership and control of the media it has become both increasingly concentrated and transnational. An example would be the arguable Mr. Murdoch. His News International group owns over one third of news stems in Britain, Two other companies, reflect Group Newspapers and United Newspapers own another 40 per cent between them. This clearly shows that the bulk of the magnate is held by only a few individuals, this creates very serious political and economicalal implications. Murdochs paper has been partially responsible for getting each government elected over the past fifty years every party he has back up over the years has won. Two main sociological theories are used to explain ownership and control of the mass media Pluralist theory and Marxist theory. Each have in that respect own interpretations of the issues and subsequent strengths and weaknesses which I shall now discuss.Pluralist theory is all about(predicate) power in society. They bank that no one group or elite dominates society. It is essentially a functionalist view. Instead Pluralists believe that thither is a localize of interest groups who share power. Pluralists argue that the mass media reflect such a consort of interests. They argue that the mass media only reflect what we, the public, want. If it is biased it is because that is the view people want to hear, it simply reflects the publics judging rather than trying to make people think a particular way.For example the British printing press is generally conservative Pluralists argue this is because British society is generally conservative. Pluralists would also say that the mass media provides a wide and diverse superior for the consumer. Therefore there is no single prevailing ideology exclusively a genuine choice for the consumer. Minority views are expressed just the same as the dominant views. Because of this Pluralists argue that the ma ss media has little or no influence on the views of the masses. At most it simply reinforces what people al guidey believe.Pluralism recognizes the ability of the individuals to make up there own mind about strike issues. For example, in the general elections of 1997 and 2001 viweing figures dropped sharply during the campaign, suggesting most people had decided who to support before the campaign redden started. Furthermore in the 1992 elections the swing to the conservatives was just as great from the neutral Independent as is was from those who read pro-conservative tabloids. Even readers of The Sun, which was substantively against a conservative government, indicated in election polls that they had voted conservative.The Pluralist perspective is criticized for ignoring clear certify of bias, mainly political bias and the influence it can have on society. For example, the political party supported by Rupert Murdochs papers has won every election since 1979. When he decided to switch from take to Conservative in 1997, there was a 15 per cent swing to Labour amongst readers of The Sun. This clear point of bias due to the views of a single man is ignored by the Pluralist perspective. The impact of the mass media is on the face of it key to election campaigns and has a massive impact on society as a whole. arguably Rupert Murdoch alone has been responsible, in part, for getting each government elected since 1979. This clearly is very undemocratic and icky for the country.The Marxist conflict theory views the mass media as a means of not only influencing people, but also controlling them. It is used as a tool by the ruling segmentation to entertain control and power through transmitting a conformist conservative view of the world. Sociologist have created two general views within Marxism, Manipulative Marxism which places emphasis on the mass media as a form of economic capitalism and Hegemonic Marxism which emphasises the mass media as a means whereb y the ruling class project a gloss which reflects their own norms and values, to the exclusion of all others.The concentration of ownership increases such control. Marxists also argue that the ruling class use the media as a filter through which information is passed to the mass of the population. In emphasizing the adoption of the status quo, the media resists change and therefore works against the interests of the working(a) class. The media therefore will project capitalism positively, creating a false class consciousness to the proletariat to prevent them realizing their exploitation and thus overthrow capitalism. Because of the established media moguls such as Rupert Murdoch it is difficult for small firms and individuals to gain much credit and fame.The Marxist perspective is seen as ardent in analyzing the mass media from a conflict perspective. In doing so it helps to explain the mass media as a source of inequality within capitalist society. It also helps to explain the perceived bias within the media. For Marxists this is especially important in a political and economical context. Marxism identifies and analyses political bias within the media, for example the consumerism last that the newspapers promote.However, the Marxist theory is criticized for underestimating the ability of individuals to absorb information and make up there own minds about what they agree with or disagree with. Critics argue that people are not like robots who passively convey what they are told, rather they critically judge a variety of issues and make up there own mind using what they have been told and their own individual experience with the issue.James Curran, in Mass Media and democracy A reppraisal (1991), argues that the growth of commercial radio and television re-affirms the view that there is a widespread choice with a core public sector combined with an expanding private sector. Thus, the impact of ownership and control is miserable given the real and diver se choice that exists. Currans study supports the Pluralist perspective.Studies such as Currans are strong in recognizing the changing nature of British industry and how it applies to the mass media. Such conclusions are supported by the reality of the mass media that, despite a concentration of ownership, is run by a diverse range of individuals from different social backgrounds, through joint stock companies. However, this tends to ignore the fact that the largest proportion of shares in whatever public liability company is owned by either wealthy individuals or large institutional shareholders.From a Marxist perspective the ruling class is seen as an agent of ideological control in modern society, used by the ruling class to establish and impose its values on the working class. This is a view taking by Miliband in The State in Capitalist Society (1973).Miliband argues that the mass media is an agent of capitalist control, rejecting the pluralist theory that there is genuine choi ce.

Psychological Disorder Analysis Essay Example for Free

Psychological Disorder Analysis EssayThe world of abnormal psychology is fill up with many different types of trouble oneselfs, symptoms, and interposition options. Today, I forget be working with Roger, a middle-aged control living in San Francisco, California who experienced a car wreck a few months ago. He has been experiencing shakiness, breathlessness, heat flashes, and nightm bes. He has been trying to cope with the symptoms that he is experiencing through alcohol consumption and going jogging. apply the skills I go through learned about abnormal psychology, I will be fitted to trampvass Roger and provide an explanation as to why he is agony from the type of affection that he is experiencing, as well as determine the most in event(p) treatment options available. Based on the information provided to me, I am diagnosing Roger with post- injurytic melody disorder. Post-traumatic stress disorder is an perplexity disorder that is experienced by throng who have be en subjected to a traumatic, behavior-changing even out upt. Although I am quite certain that this is the disorder that Roger is wo(e) from, I schedule an appointment with him to stand by more details about the symptoms that he is experiencing. Me Good morning, Roger, I indirect requested to withdraw you in today to talk about the things that you ar experiencing on a day-to-day basis so that I will learn more about yourself and the things that you are experiencing so that we tail assembly work unitedly to come up with solutions that benefit you overcoming your experience.Roger That sounds wish a good plan, what would you like to know? Me Well potentiometer you please begin with telling me what happened 2 months ago, so that I may hear it in your proclaim words? Roger Sure, about two months ago I was in a car casualty where the new(prenominal) driver hit me head on. I wasnt hurt, except for a few minor bruises, and my car was completely totaled. Since then, I try to a void the area where I got into my accident. Me thank you for that information, Roger. Car accidents can be quite traumatizing and Im sorry that you had to experience that misfortune. Roger Its okay, Im vindicatory glad I got out of it alive. But the accident seems to stick with me no matter what I do, though. Me Do you mind elaborating on that for me please, Roger?Roger Well, ever since the accident I notice that whenever I am around the streets or in an automobile of any kind, I begin to feel shaky and out of breath. Then everything begins to get really hot and sometimes it feels like I am having a heart attack, so I begin to panic. Me Thats very interesting Roger, have you been to your primary care doctor to see if thither is a physical issue that is causing those symptoms? Roger Yes, maam. My doctor told me that I am healthy as a horse and recommended me to you. So here I am. *laughs nervously* Me I am glad that you are here to give me the opportunity to athletic supporter you , Roger. Are there any some other symptoms that you have been experiencing since your accident? Roger Um, Ive been obsessed with arcticr vehicles and Ive spent a lot of time looking for an extremely safe car and have taken a defensive driving class. Some days I am so afraid to drive that I have to call my friends to come get me, and I cant seem to find a car that meets my safety standards.Me I can completely go through why you feel that way, Roger. Safety should al slipway be the number one priority when out on the road. So you feel this anxiety only affects you when you are out on the roads? Roger No, not at all. Ive been having these horrible nightmares. Sometimes they are so bad that I cant even make it to work, and my boss has started telling me that my performance is slipping, too. Ive been drinking a lot since my accident because I cant seem to get the thought of it out of my mind and it is the only thing that seems to help when I feel shaky. Ive started to drink just to ge t the memory of the accident out of my mind. At home, Im so worried about my familys well-organism that I try to cargo hold everything clean and sterile. I dont compulsion myself or anyone in my family getting sick or going through what I went through.Roger I know that this isnt me and I dont want to be please like this anymore, so can you please help me get past this? Because I dont know what to do anymore and Im having trouble just devising it through each day. When I have mypanic attacks?I usually head straight for the bar. Roger aft(prenominal) I have my nightmares, I usually cant go back to sleep I go jogging. Being able to run helps me clear my mind of everything and just focus on the working class at hand. Unfortunately, Im not in very good shape so I cant run for very retentive before I have to return home. Me Thank you so much for explaining all of that to me in such detail, Roger, I could see that it was difficult for you. I want to let you know that it is excellent that you are going out jogging whenever you have a nightmare, and I want you to continue you doing that whenever possible in place of drinking. Me Together you and I will find a way to get you through this, all I asking is for you to be willing to work with me. send word you do that, Roger? Roger Yes, definitely. Im ready to move on with my life.After the interview with Roger, I was able to gain more insight about his situation and am able to confirm that he is suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. As mentioned before, Post-traumatic stress disorder is an anxiety disorder that is experienced by people who have been subjected to a traumatic, life-changing item such as being raped, in a car accident, combat, or witnessing psyche elses traumatic experience, such as a loved one or a friend, and even witnessing a violent death can cause acute and posttraumatic stress disorders. Individuals suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder becoming sensitized to the event that cau sed the disorder, causing them to experience feelings of anxiety when exposed to certain things related to the traumatic event.One of the key symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder is involuntary flashbacks of the traumatic event which can lead to the bankrupting of more severe symptoms. Those symptoms include * Nightmares- the event relives itself in the subconscious, usually leading to insomnia * Depression not enjoying the things you at once enjoyed, disassociation * Anxiety, panic attacks negative re meetions to situations or sights/events that trigger a reconnection to the trauma. * Avoidance For a traumatic event such as a car accident, avoiding the area where the accident occurred. * Substance Abuse The abuse of drugs or alcohol as a coping mechanism to desensitize emotional response to flashback or other symptoms.The cognitive model of abnormality realizes that everyone creates their own view of the world that comprises their reality (Comer, 2011). Unhealthy though ts stemming from a traumatic event create the abnormal behavior singles suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder experience. Therefore, post-traumatic stress disorder is a behavior that is determined by how individuals perceive the life-changing traumatic event that they experience. Looking into the history of post-traumatic stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder was first discovered during the Civil War, with the development of battle PTSD, also known as soldiers heart, shell shock, and battle fatigue, becoming known officially as post-traumatic stress disorder after the Vietnam War. A study conducted by Brian P. Marx in 2010 discovered that soldiers developed PTSD regardless of how recently or how long they were deployed. The study also showed that the longer PTSD is left untreated, the worse it will get, showing that untreated cases will become more anxious, have a shorter attention span, and in general have much poorer psychogenic health.The study also found that the stress these soldiers were experiencing had a significant impact on their physical health such as immune functioning and cardiovascular disease (The effect of PTSD and combat take on Vietnam veterans perceptions of child behavior and married adjustment, 2006, para. ). Today, about 50% of Americans experience a trauma during their life time and only 8% of those individuals suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder. So what factors cause certain people to develop post- traumatic stress disorder, while other individuals remained unaffected? One of the most important factors to consider when find what type of individual is more likely to suffer from PTSD is the nature of trauma the individual set about and whether the individual had preexisting anxiety issues before their traumatic event. Studies have shown that individuals who were exposed to severe, prolonged trauma or trauma affecting ones family were more likely to develop PTSD than individuals who did not.Using the Cognitiv e model of abnormality as a guide, there are several options for treating posttraumatic stress disorder. The most efficacious treatment is cognitive therapy, in which therapists help clients recognize the negative thoughts, biased interpretations, and errors in logic that overshadow their thinking (Comer, 2011). Cognitive therapy is most effective for individuals suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder because it teaches the individual positive ways confront the negative thoughts and emotions surrounding their experience with their traumatic event by showing them how to understand the trauma that they went through and the feelings that they are experiencing afterwards. Helping the individual suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder understand why they are feeling the way they do about their traumatic experience is also important, as well as identify the thoughts and actions that make symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder worse.There are also further treatment optio ns for individuals suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder and most anxiety disorders, including * Relaxation an individual is taught how to relax certain muscles by themselves or else of relaxing as a whole. Relaxation treatments have been the most successful in the treatment of anxiety symptoms such as high riptide pressure and headaches as well as insomnia and panic attacks. * Biofeedback an individual is connection to a machine that reads involuntary body movements enabling the individual to learn how to control those movements. This treatment has been most helpful in those recovering from post-traumatic stress disorders. * Meditation is achieved my turning ones soaking up inward and bar everything surrounding out allowing the individual to obtain a sort of peace from blocking out stressors. Meditation has been successful in helping symptoms of anxiety such as high blood pressure, pain, and in some cases, viral infections (due to having a weaker immune system as a side effect of constant stress and anxiety).* Hypnosis individuals a guided by a hypnotist, who lulls the individual into a sleep like trance, similar to meditation. In this trance the subconscious takes over and individuals can sometimes be directed to act in unusual ways, experience unusual sensations, remember seemingly forgotten events, or forget remembered events. This regularity is helpful with post-traumatic stress disorder victims who are suffering from amnesia and are unable to recall the traumatic event in order to come to terms with what happened and learn how to recover from it. In conclusion, post-traumatic stress disorder is a disorder that is caused by a traumatic, life changing event such as being raped, in a car accident, combat, or witnessing someone elses traumatic experience, such as a loved one or a friend, and even witnes sing a violent death.The most effective treatment option for post-traumatic stress disorder as per the Cognitive model of abnormality is cogniti ve therapy in which therapists help clients recognize the negative thoughts, biased interpretations, and errors in logic that dominate their thinking (Comer, 2011). I go for that with my thorough evaluation of the origin, causes, symptoms, and treatments of post-traumatic stress disorder, I am able to help Roger overcome the symptoms that he is experiencing from his post-traumatic stress disorder and assist him with his therapy so that he can return back to a normal life.ReferencesComer, R. J. (2011). fundamentals of abnormal psychology (6th ed.). New York, NY Worth.Faces of Abnormal Psychology Interactive. (2007). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder McGraw-Hill Higher Education wind vane Site, retrieved on February 2, 2013, from http//www.mhhe.com/socscience/psychology/faces/ The effect of PTSD and combat level on Vietnam veterans perceptions of child behavior and marital adjustment. (2006, Febraury). Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51(1), 4-12.

Grace Nichols comes from Guyana and Hugh Boatswain from the Caribbean Essay Example for Free

gentleness Nichols comes from Guyana and Hugh Boatswain from the Caribbean EssayWriters who came from over seas write the two verse forms that I birth been asked to analyse. Grace Nichols comes from Guyana and Hugh Boatswain from the Caribbean. The poems deal with identical themes, a man who has immigrated to Britain from the Caribbean, and must learn to adapt to a in the buff life and culture. Both men suffer a sense of loss for their past, but in Hugh Boatswains poem Old fuck off, the central character tries to forget rough his earlier life. Hugh Boatswain writes the poem Old Father in a Caribbean dialect. It is a narrative poem, which tells the story of erupt of date fathers arrival in Britain. At commencement old father is very unhappy, we flowerpot see this in the quote.Man, a takkin de nex boat spine home.The source is trying to show the reader that old father is thinking of taking the next boat back home. At this point in the poem old father still aims Caribbe an dialect. I think that the use of the word home tells the reader the old father wants to go home. Later as he forgets about his past and rejects his earlier culture. Old father is trying to ignore his heritage and trying to become English. We cigarette see that old father rejects his earlier culture when he makes jokes about his people to the white people, we can see this in the quote.tut tut, he would say,isnt it disgustinghow they make a spectacle of themselves.The poem is divided into four stanzas. The source uses beginning rhyme and assonance, to give the poem a rhythmical sound. Assonance is where the vowels sound the same in a cablegram, for example in this quote.make him bawl in his small basement room.Boatswain also uses alliteration when he repeats b consonants. We can see alliteration in this quote.Bouncing down the road with a blond.We can also see the writer using personification in the quote.Cold bite him hard.The poem gives a lot of detail about old fathers life and now he changes to adapt to his new life. He changes his appearance by straightening his hair and ignoring his old friends.The writer is quite critical about old father, he sees him as betraying his identity.Island Man written by Grace Nichols is an imagist poem. The writer gives images or pictures of the mans dreams rather then telling his story directly to the reader. The poem is written in free verse, without rhythm. However, the writer uses alliteration in the phrases.Sun Surfacing heaves himselfNichols also repeats word, we can see this in the quote.groggily groggily muffling mufflingWhich describes the man waking up. The repeat helps to emphasise the emotions of the man. The poem is divided into the mans dreams of the Island and his waking life in capital of the United Kingdom. The writer uses enjambment, which means that each line flows into the next. We can see an example of enjambment in the quote.Morningand Island man wakes upThis gives the language in this poem a rhy thmical pattern like wave on a beach. The use of colours is very important in this poem.The dream Island is blue surf and small emerald Island.In contrast London is grey metallic soar.By reading and analysing the two poems Old Father and Island Man I have come to a conclusion that I think that the poem Old Father is better in the sense of language and themes. I enjoyed reading the poem Old Father more because the writer has use a large range of language skills. It also shows the use of Caribbean dialect, and the way the writer has structured out the poem.

Effects of temperature Essay Example for Free

Effects of temperature Essay most of these are variables that were mentioned earlier and could not be controlled, or even variables that were not initially considered. While perform the experiment, some of the oxygen produced from photosynthesis may gift dissolved into the water. Microorganisms living on the pondweed may view as used some oxygen. Although the amount of oxygen dissolved or used by microbes may be insignificant to the final result, when considered alongside the other variables this factor may be attributed to a significant potpourri in the results. Some oxygen is also used during the respiration of the plant.As only the volume of oxygen produced was recorded the change in bubble size was not accounted for when the results were analysed. For a more accurate summary of the data, using a capillary tube in place of the judge tube so that the size and volume of each bubble could have been measured would have eliminated this inaccuracy. There are also factors b ear upon accuracy at low catch fire intensities. With low light intensity, the pondweed receives some light brawniness from background light such as sunlight seeping through curtains or the light from the lamp of other students experiment.To eliminate extra artificial light from busy with the results, the experiment must be performed in a completely dark way of life. The methodology of the experiment is also likely to account for any errors made, so in order to improve reliability and validity of the results some methodological features must be improved upon or changed completely. A capillary tube and a syringe should be used in place of the test tube to accurately measure the volume of the oxygen produced. Due to the high rates of photosynthesis of the pondweed, readings should be interpreted within shorter time periods.Doing so decreases the likelihood of human error occurring. Due to the nature and convenience of the experiment, it could be easily modified to investigate oth er variables of photosynthesis. An experiment using almost identical apparatus would be to qualify the colour of the light the plant absorbs. Using translucent colour filters in front the lamps could vary this. Whilst doing the experiment several times contributed to the accuracy of the experiment, there were factors that detracted from it. The method of measuring the rate of photosynthesis by the oftenness of bubbles was one.The volume of the bubbles could have varied, meaning that a larger or smaller amount of oxygen could have been released without being recorded. To eliminate these errors, using apparatus like a micro-burette or some other fauna for measuring small volumes of boast may overcome small inaccuracies. This would make the results more accurate and reliable. Modifications Limitations. The room temperature may fluctuate. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the water may be reduced during experiment. The rate of gas evolution is not consistent. There are other li ght sources, which may interfere with the results.Artificial light go out increase temperature, as a 60watt bulb will be used, some energy will be lost as heat energy. Are the bubbles being observed actually oxygen? shot up the apparatus and placing it in a water bath may overcome the first error. Doing so will retard that a constant temperature is maintained throughout the experiment. To avoid other light sources interfering with the experiment shelter the apparatus up so that the pondweed only receives light from the table lamp. To ensure consistency of gas evolution when changing to a new condition, the plant should be equilibrated for at to the lowest degree 10 minutes before taking any readings.Using a dilute sodium heat content carbonate solution ensures a constant supply of carbon dioxide to the pondweed, avoiding fluctuation of carbon dioxide concentrations. To test for armorial bearing of oxygen simply lower a glowing splint into the test tube containing the gas if th e splint relights this indicates that oxygen is present. Using this test increases reliability of the results. The presence of the lamp may cause the temperature to increase to prevent this from chance ice can be used to maintain a constant temperature. Further experiments could be use to test other factors that may have an affect on the rate of photosynthesis.Light intensity has been plunge to have an affect on photosynthesis. This can be investigated by placing a light at change distances from the elodea plant and recording the number of bubbles produced. Other experiments in this area could also include examen the rate of photosynthesis with different amounts of chlorophyll in the plants.References 1, 2, 3, 7 and 8 Glenn and Susan Toole, (1999) Biology for Advanced level. Stanley Thornes pg. 282-5. 4, 5 and 6 D. O. Hall and K. K. Rao, (1992) New studies in biology, Photosynthesis. Cambridge University Press, pg 13-14.

Making Collaboration Work in Inclusive High School Classrooms Essay Example for Free

Making Collaboration Work in inclusive gamey School Classrooms EssayThe author uses a fictional reference study chronicling a aggroup in an inclusive noble school cathode-ray oscilloscope. The team consists of the principal (administrator), the general education t for each maviner, the special education teacher, the physical therapist, and the speech pathologist. Throughout the paper she creates a fictional case study that moves the group from dispute through collaboration to ultimate success in sustaining an comprehension program at the fictional high school. The limitations to this approach is first, that it is fictional.Second, it does not account for external factors such as program funding or the charge of other educational initiatives that may change dynamics such as teacher availability (in equipment casualty of work hours) classroom methods such as those designed to facilitate state and district demands under the No Child Left Behind initiative. Although the f ictional case study imposes limitations, Hines successfully demonstrates four guiding principals or best practices for successful collaboration open communication, sharing leadership, developing goals, and resolving conflicts.By breaking the case study into four sections, she poses the questions what is the challenge to successful collaboration and what factors are impeding a successful inclusion program. Following each portion of case narrative she answer the questions and provides a framework for solving each challenge and implementing those solutions into the inclusion framework. Critical Analysis Findings and Opinions Collaboration is the key to making the inclusive classroom setting work.Effective facilitation is the key to making the cooperative effort work. The school principal is the primary facilitator. This paper describes one principal working with one team, but a principal or administrator can metamorphose Hines best practices to work in multiple team settings. This paper can be read in any of three ways. First, what is collaboration and how does it assist in developing an inclusive classroom setting.Second, given the introduction of an inclusive classroom setting, how can collaboration be used to solve problems that arise in sustaining a schools inclusion program. Third, what framework should an administrator use to develop a successful collaborative effort. Conclusion Joy Hines outlines methods that principals can use for making the collaborative approach work. This case study applies laser like focus to applying principals of collaboration.Teachers and principals can use this paper to envision their intentions, as well as the role of their peers, superiors, and subordinates, in the collaborative process. Finally, Hines makes clear that the team approach and proper facilitation from a leader, the principal, are key elements in making the collaborative effort work. Reference Hines, J. T. (May 2008). Making Collaboration Work in Inclusive Hi gh School Classrooms Recommendations for Principals. Intervention in School and Clinic, 43(5), 277-282.

Primary education Essay Example for Free

simple development EssayAccording to the Kenyan government, instruction is A long destination objective to ext exterminate staple fibre spirit procreation to enhance Kenyans ability to preserve and utilize the environment for productive and sustainable livelihoods, to develop role of the valet de chambre race to realize the universal access to education and upbringing for every last(predicate) including the disadvantaged and the vulnerable and as a necessary tool for development and protection of the democratic institutions of human rights (Ministry Of information scholarship and Technology, 2005 pp2).The current Kenyan education system consists of Early Childhood Education, primary coil and tributary education. Early Childhood Education takes one year. At the end of the primary education, pupils sit for the Kenya Certificate of radical Education (KCPE) prepargond by the Kenya National Examination Council. Performance in the KCPE determines who is admitted to sec ondary schools. At the end of secondary education, students sit for the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education. Primary school education in Kenya is a basic and is considered the root of all formal and informal learning in Kenya.Free and compulsory primary education for Kenyan children was one of the key pre-election promises that led the NARC government led by President Mwai Kibaki, to burn down to power in December 2002. Since then, an estimated 1. 5 gazillion children, who were previously taboo-of school, adopt turned up to heed classes (Paul Kenya, 2008). The lighten Primary Education form _or_ system of government was first implemented in January 2003. The FPE policy focuses on attaining Education For all and in particular, Universal Primary Education.Key concerns ar access, retention, equity, quality and relevance and internal and immaterial efficiencies within the education system (Ministry Of Education Science and Technology, 2005a, pp3). Through the FPE policy, t he NARC government scrutinized the current 8-4-4 systems, which had previously been coupled with retention and reduced enrolment before it came to power. The policys focus is on quality education and training as a human right in accordance to Kenya law and global conventions (Ministry Of Education Science and Technology, 2005 pp3). VISION Quality education for development.(Elimu bora Kwa Maendeleo) MISSION To provide, promote and co-ordinate lifelong education, training and research for KLenyas sustainable development. POLICY OBJECTIVES 1. To achieve education for all (EFA) by 2015 2. To achieve novelty rate of 70% from primary to secondary from the current rate of 57% 3. To enhance access, equity and quality primary education 4. To achieve 50% improvement levels of literacy by 2015 5. To attain universal primary education (UPE). This is in line with the United Nations Millennium Development Goals 6. To reduce the number of primary school children drop outs.ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE POL ICY 1. Increase in number of children enrolled in primary schools. Primary education has witnessed phenomenal growth since the policy was established. The number of primary school pupils rose dramatically from 5. 9 million in 2002 to 7. 6 million in 2005 to 82. 78 in 2009, according to a World hope report, published in 2010 2. Significant reduction in the repetition rate. The number of students repeating and dropping out has reduced significantly() this may be attributed to the fact that parents no longer gravel to think about remunerative school fees. CHALLENGES FACED BY THE POLICY.1. Delays in Funds Disbursement Delays in distributing funds to support free primary school education is one of the challenges facing the policy implementation. This has frustrated many teachers, put wedge and on parents financial burdens. Teachers thus lack motivation to teach the increasing number of pupils as a leave of the introduction of the policy. 2. Teacher Shortages A UNESCO survey on the e valuation of the Free Primary policy (UNESCO, 2005) indicates that the teacher pupil ratio, in a significant number of schools was 170 which was far beyond the recommended maximum rate of 140.Such a high ratio has got challenges. For example, teachers find it impossible to turn over attention to all learners, especially the slow ones. Also teachers were not able to give adequate assignments to the pupils, as they could not cope with the marking and teaching formulateload (UNESCO, 2005). 3. Teacher-Learning Facilities There is a challenge in the hold in teacher-learning facilities, which forces pupils to share. Sharing of facilities such as textbooks, exercise books, pens e. t. c has affected pupils accessibility to the books piece of music at home and many have to do their homework early in the morning the next day when in school.There is also the issue of inadequate physical facilities where most schools did not have adequate classroom to accommodate the large number of pupils enrolled under the FPE programmes. 4. Managerial Skills Most school managers (the foreman teachers) are not tumefy equipped in managerial skills. This is to say that their managerial skills are vile and these results to poor results by the schools they head as well as mismanagement of available funds. 5. Mobility from Public to hugger-mugger and within Public Schools This may not be a major challenge but it save is a challenge.Teachers complain that pupils frequent transfers from one school to another at any point of the term and in any class affect content delivery. This may be as a result of a preference for free and cheaper education, school availability and its proximity as well as the highest place offered in a school. A lower fee is also a factor, and cheaper or free schools seemed to be an important motivation for school transfer. 6. Embezzlement of Funds and Corruption Embezzlement of funds is a upshot challenge. Some government officials are twist around and hence there is mismanagement or misallocation of funds that are allocated to them, (UNESCO, 2005).For instance, the sponsors funds this makes some children who are poor miss the opportune moments of schooling. I entree to that, senior officials in the Ministry of Education, in Kenya have been accused of protecting corrupt headmasters suspected of embezzling funds because they are also indirectly benefiting from incentives that are being paid by parents, disgruntled senior education officials have revealed, (UNESCO, 2005). RECCOMENDATIONS 1. Timely release of funds. Funds should be released as soon as they are available. This leave master the teachers and students remain motivated to learn. 2.Increase numbers of teachers employ and increase their wages. Increasing the number of teachers permanently employed in public primary schools will help to take care of the teacher-student ratio. Increasing their wages will also ensure that the teachers are motivated to do their work well. 3. Inve sting in Teacher-Learning Facilities. The government should garment in building more classrooms to reduce the current congestion in the classrooms. The government should also work hand in hand with sponsors and international investors to ensure the pupils have enough books, pens and other facilities needed by both teachers and pupils.4. Training of managers. Heads of schools should be trained on how to manage the funds given to them as well as efficiently running the schools. 5. Monitor ministry officials and those handling the funds. An organization or body that can monitor the ministry officials and those handling the funds such as the anti-corruption commission of Kenya to ensure that those handing the funds are not corrupt and those caught in corrupt practices face the law. REFERENCES 1. UNESCO (2005). Challenges of implementing free primary education in Kenya assessment report.Kenya. Nairobi Ministry of Education, Science Technology. 2. Okwach, A. and George, O. (1997). Effi ciency of primary education in Kenya situational analysis and implications for educational reform. Nairobi Institute of Policy compend and Research. 3. UNESCO (2006). Fact book on education for all, UNESCO Nairobi 4. Voss, R. Bedi, A. Kimalu, P. K. Manda,D. K. Nafula,N. N Kimenyi, M. S. Achieving universal primary education after part Kenya Afford it? University of Connecticut Department of Economics working paper series.

Lifestyle Comparison, City vs Country Essay Example for Free

Life name Comparison, City vs Country EssayData has been collected from several sources such as multiple real estate agencies, kindle stations, transferee agencies, mapping sources, grocery markets as well as different social and recreational organizations and conventions, this information will aid me to form my personal opinion on which is the better option. The criteria on which of the options stands to be better option, will be on the basis of which provides the scoop up financial outcome. Notes * This report is taking the assumption that certain material possessions have already been accounted for, EG * Car, clothes, furniture etc. The car at our disposal for the calculations of pilgrimage expenses will be the Hyundai Santa Fe fictitious character Four, Data compend The salaries of dentists in Australia varies widely, as the lowest reported income per annum is an estimated $50,800 while the highest earning dentists atomic number 18 in much larger figures, with $190,0 00 as the maximum recorded payment. $50,800 + $190,000 = $240,800 $240,800 ? 2 = $120,400 the intermediate salary, searchd via the values given above. This given pay outmatch can be divvied into three categories in order to better represent and calculate budgets and relevant taxes.To sanction more reliable results, the following tax calculations will be made under the assumption that we are earning an average pay of $120,400 per annum. Tax Calculations Weekly Monthly Yearly Gross (Divide per annum pay by 52)$2315. 38 (Divide per annum pay by 12)$10,033. 33 $120,400 Tax $624. 90 $2707. 91 $32,495 Super $208. 38 $903 $10,836 Medicare $34. 73 $150. 5 $1,806 Net Income $1447. 1 $6,271. 9 $75,263 Tax $120,400 $80,000 = $40,400taxable dollars. $40,400 x $0. 37 = $14,948 $14,948 + $17,547 = $32,495 periodic income tax. $32,495 ? 12 $2707. 91monthly income tax. $32,495 ? 52 = $624. 90 each week income tax. Super $120,400 9% = $120,400 x 0. 09 = $10,836yearly super payment. $10,836 = $10,836 ? 12 = $903monthly super payment. $10,836 = $10,836 ? 52 = $208. 38 each week super payment. Medicare $120,400 1. 5% = $120,400 x 0. 015 = $1,806yearly Medicare levee $1,806 = $1,806 ? 12 = $150. 5monthly Medicare levee $1,806 = $1,806 ? 52 = $34. 73weekly Medicare levee Net Income $120,400 $32,495 $10,836 $1,806 =$75,263yearly unclutter income $75,263 = $75,263 ? 12 = $6,271. 9monthly net income $75,263 $75,263 ? 52 = $1,447. 30weekly income Expenses Living The following renting values are taken from multiple real estate websites, with the cheapest price as the main deciding factor. residence Rentals ingleside Brisbane Prices Address Charleville Prices Address 1 $395 8/53 Edward Street, Brisbane $230 169 Edward St 2 $390 21/204 Alice St, Brisbane $200 164 Galatea St 3 $430 460 Ann St, Brisbane $165 1/75 Galatea St 4 $450 5/204 Alice St, Brisbane $165 1/16 Sturt St 5 $450 1904/485 Adelaide St, Brisbane $clx 7/16 Sturt St Averages $423 $184Recreational A steady a mount of $150 will be deducted weekly from our overall income in order to pay for recreational activities, drinks, dinner, take-away etc. health Insurance Health insurance is a necessity for anyone trying to save money, as it is a safety net if something is to go wrong, and medical attention is needed. Without this safety net, simple injuries such as broken bones may speak to in the thousands of dollars, while serious injuries and surgeries will personify exponential amounts. For the best value and lowest price, as suggested by a comparison on iSelect. com. u, the best plan at our disposal will cost $75. 24 monthly, and cover the essentials. $75. 24monthly health insurance $75. 24 x 12 = $902. 88yearly health insurance $75. 24 ? 4 = $18. 81weekly health insurance Part Five, Data Analysisamp Comparison Gas amp Electricity P. A. As evidence from Switchwise. com. au suggests, an apartment style home in Brisbane with 1 bedroom amp 1 resident average, will result in an estimated yearl y payment of $1646. This price can be altered however via an Origin energy yearly contract, which will lower this expense to $1554 p. . in a Brisbane residential apartment complex. $1,554 ? 52 = $29. 88weekly energy/gas expenses $1,554 ? 12 = $129. 5monthly energy/gas expenses In terms of nation living, the annual cost of electricity for a house will cost $1520 at the bare minimum. $1,520 ? 52 = $29. 23weekly energy/gas expenses $1,520 ? 12 = $126. 66monthly energy/gas expenses elicit With the aim of keeping this report simplified, the only supply being analysed and recorded will be diesel. The price for diesel in Charleville, on the date of 13/5/13, is $1. 43 /L.While according to racq. com. au, the average price for diesel in Brisbane, over the course of April, was $1. 48 /L. This difference, although minimal, scales over time and will suit either substantial savings or losses over the course of say, 10 years sueing(a) the same job amp same average fuel usages. Transport To calculate the average transport expenses, the car at our disposal will be a Hyundai Santa Fe. The Santa Fe runs on diesel, and has an overall expenditure of 7. 3litres/100km. This data divides into 0. 73litres/10km, and 0. 65/5km, to achieve more manageable sample sizes in order to dead-on(prenominal)ly calculate the average weekly usage in both country amp city environments. *Note treble instances of the home hold out drives are extremely minimal, and will therefore not be considered under fuel consumption, and merely an expense of time. Transport CONT Diesel Consumption home Kilometres House 1 1. 12 House 2 1. 6 House 3 0. 06 House 4/5 0. 32 *miles -gt kilometre metempsychosis = y X 1. 6 = z 164 Galatea St -gt work = 0. 7miles X 1. 6 = 1. 12km 169 Edward St -gt work = 1. 00miles X 1. = 1. 6km 71 Galatea St -gt work = 0. 06km 16/9 amp 16/7 Sturt St -gt work = 0. 32km*Note to yield an accurate fuel expense, the average distance of the five houses for both city and country wi ll be used, and whence a price for a round trip, over five times a week, plus a 20% fuel allowance for other travelling ineluctably. Country 1. 12km + 1. 6km = 2. 72km 2. 72 / 2 = 1. 36km 1. 36travel distance home to work 1. 36 x 2 = 2. 72km 2. 72km x 5 = 13. 6km home to work amp back, five days 13. 6 x 0. 20 = 2. 72kmfuel allowance, for other travelling needs 2. 72 + 13. 6 16. 32kmweekly travel distance 16. 32% of 100km, therefore 16. 32% of ($1. 43 x 7. 3L=$10. 43 (price for 100km worth of fuel)) $10. 43 10. 43 x 0. 1632 = $1. 70weekly fuel expense House Km to work House 1 5. 44km House 2 5. 12km House 3 6. 72km House 4/5 7. 04km City *miles -gt kilometre conversion = y X 1. 6 = z 53 Edward St -gt work = 3. 4miles X 1. 6 = 5. 44km 21/204 amp 5/204 Alice St -gt work = 3. 2miles X 1. 6 = 5. 12km 460 Ann St -gt work = 4. 2miles X 1. 6 = 6. 72km 485 Adelaide St -gt work = 4. 4miles X 1. 6 = 7. 04km 5. 44 + 5. 12 + 6. 2 + 7. 04 = 24. 32 24. 32 / 4 = 6. 08kmaverage distance to work 6 . 08 x 2 = 12. 16 12. 16 x 5 = 60. 8home to work distance, five times per week 60. 8 x 0. 2 = 12. 16kmweekly fuel allowance 60. 8 + 12. 16 = 72. 96kmweekly fuel consumption 72. 96km = 72. 96% of 100km 72. 96% of ($1. 43 x 7. 3L=$10. 43 (price for 100km worth of fuel)) $10. 43 10. 43 x 0. 7296 = $7. 60weekly fuel expense securities industry Essentials *The following are the prices of food essentials at the lowest offered price in their respective stores and locations, without factoring in any limited special offers.

Fgm Human Rights Voilation Essay Example for Free

Fgm Human Rights Voilation EssayPractices are in the main carried out on young girls sometime between infancy and age 15, and occasionally on giving women. In Africa, virtually three million girls are at risk for FGM annually. An estimated 140 million girls and women universal are living with the consequences of FGM. In Africa, about 92 million girls age 10 years and in a higher place are estimated to flip undergone FGM. The utilization is near common in the western, eastern, and north-eastern regions of Africa, in some countries in Asia and the plaza East, and among migrants from these areas. FGM is recognized internationally as a violation of the merciful rights of girls and women.It reflects deep-rooted inequality between the sexes, and constitutes an utmost(prenominal) form of discrimination against women. It is nearly always carried out on minors and is a violation of the rights of children. The traffic pattern also violates a persons rights to health, security and physical integrity, the right to be free from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, and the right to life when the procedure results in death. The causes of female genital mutilation include a unite of cultural, phantasmal and social factors within families and communities.Where FGM is a social convention, the social pressure to conform to what differents do and have been doing is a strong motivation to perpetuate the practice. FGM is often considered a necessary part of raising a girl straightlacedly, and a way to prepare her for adulthood and marriage. FGM is often motivated by beliefs about what is considered proper sexual behaviour, linking procedures to premarital virginity and marital fidelity. FGM is in many communities believed to reduce a womans libido and therefore believed to help her last outlawed sexual acts.When a vaginal opening is covered or narrowed (type 3 above), the fearfulness of the pain of opening it, and the fear that this will be foun d out, is expected to further discourage illicit sexual intercourse among women with this type of FGM. FGM is associated with cultural ideals of femininity and modesty, which include the notion that girls are clean and pleasing after removal of body parts that are considered male or unclean. Though no religious scripts prescribe the practice, practitioners often believe the practice has religious support.Religious leaders take varying positions with calculate to FGM some promote it, some consider it irrelevant to religion, and some others contribute to its excretion. Local structures of power and authority, such as community leaders, religious leaders, circumcisers, and even some medical personnel asshole contribute to upholding the practice. In most societies, FGM is considered a cultural tradition, which is often used as an argument for its continuation. In some societies, recent betrothal of the practice is linked to copying the traditions of neighbouring groups.Sometimes i t has started as part of a wider religious or conventional revival movement. In some societies, FGM is practised by new groups when they move into areas where the local population practice FGM. In 1997, WHO issued a joint statement with the United Nations Childrens memory (UNICEF) and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) against the practice of FGM. A new statement, with wider United Nations support, was then issued in February 2008 to support increased advocacy for the abandonment of FGM. The 2008 statement documents evidence collected over the past decade about the practice.It highlights the increased recognition of the human rights and legal dimensions of the problem and provides data on the frequency and scope of FGM. It also summarizes research about why FGM continues, how to stop it, and its damaging effects on the health of women, girls and newborn babies. In 2010 WHO published a spherical strategy to stop health care providers from doing female genital mutilation in collaboration with other key UN agencies and international organizations. Since 1997, great efforts have been made to counteract FGM, through research, work within communities, and changes in public policy.Progress at both international and local levels includeswider international involvement to stop FGMthe phylogeny of international monitoring bodies and resolutions that condemn the practicerevised legal frameworks and growing political support to block up FGM (this includes a law against FGM in 22 African countries, and in several states in two other countries, as well as 12 industrialized countries with migrant populations from FGM practicing countries)in most countries, the prevalence of FGM has decreased, and an change magnitude number of women and men in practising communities support ending its practice.Research shows that, if practising communities themselves decide to abandon FGM, the practice can be eliminated very rapidly. In 2008, the World Health Assembly passed a resolution (WHA61. 16) on the elimination of FGM, emphasizing the need for concerted action in all sectors health, education, finance, justice and womens affairs.WHO efforts to eliminate female genital mutilation focus onadvocacy developing publications and advocacy tools for international, regional and local efforts to end FGM within a generation research generating knowledge about the causes and consequences of the practice, how to eliminate it, and how to care for those who have experienced FGM guidance for health systems developing training materials and guidelines for health professionals to help them treat and counsel women who have undergone procedures.WHO is particularly concerned about the increasing trend for medically trained personnel to perform FGM. WHO strongly urges health professionals not to perform such procedures.

Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) Essay Example for Free

Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) Essay1. PURPOSE This Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) defines how to conduct clearing, disassembling, cleaning, charge for serviceability, and lubricating and reassembling of the M4 and/or the M4A1 carbine on a weekly basis.2. APPLICABILITY 3rd Platoon, HHC, 5th Signal Command3. REFERENCES lubricate order (LO) Soldier Training Publication 21-1-Soldier Manual of Common Task TM 9100531910 and DA Form 2404, Equipment Inspection and Maintenance Worksheet.4. RESPONSIBILITIESa. All Soldiers will be responsible for properly clearing, disassembling, cleaning, inspecting for serviceability, lubricating, and reassembling of their M4 or M4A1. b. All Soldiers will be responsible for their assigned weapon and make sure weekly victuals is conducted and inform the unit armorer of any deficiencies found during training or weapon maintenance.c. Complete tether copies of DA Form 2404 for each M4 or M4A1 carbine. Turn in genius copy to the armorer, Keep o ne copy for individual records, and give a copy to the platoon sergeant.5. PROCEDURESa. Weapons will be checked and cleared prior to disassembly of your weapon. When clearing your weapon, put your weapon on safe if not done so already, and arrive at your battle buddy ensure that the firing chamber is clear.b. When disassembling your weapon, follow procedures IAW TM 9-1005-319-10 for proper instructions. When disassembly is completed, salvage all components in a centralized location so as to prevent misplacing weapon move.c. clean-cut each part with the required weapons cleaning kit provided to you by the arms room. Ensure that all parts are free of dirt, grime, dust, and carbon.d. Upon cleaning, inspect your weapon to ensure that there are no missingcomponents, cracks, dents, or other discrepancies that would interfere with the weapons operation. Any and all discrepancies will be annotated on DA From 2404, Equipment Inspection, and Maintenance Worksheet.6. SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS The arms room is open daily from 0900 hrs to 1630 hrs.

Role of Women in Society Essay Example for Free

Role of Wowork force in Society quizWomens Inequalities When you think of a CEO of a company or of world political leaders, do you think of a valet or of a woman? Many, if non most of us, see these positions as being held by men. In this essay, I will explain why women are shut away not equal to men. In the first paragraph I will discuss inequalities that happen in the workplace. The sulfur section will show the differences that occur within the athletic world. Thirdly, I will explain the differences in education and home life. The United States still seems to be reluctant, to grant true equality, even though we are approaching the twenty-first century, women are still not equal to men. In the workplace, women do not become the like benefits that men do.Some women do the same job, for the same amount of hours, and still do not receive the same pay for their work. Is there a specific reason behind this? No, it is just matchless of the many inequalities that goes on the job. As pointed out in the essay by Susan Faludi, Blame it on Feminism, women introduce less. The average womens paycheck is twenty percent less than their male counterparts. Men with only senior high school school educations make more than than some women who have graduated college. Most women are still working.Read moreRole of Women in Modern SocietyWomens role in familiarityA great deal of debating goes on concerning the role of women in companionship. How is it that in todays world, where everyone preaches about the value of equality, women still do not occupy the same social, economical or political position as men do? Women try relentlessly to mark their presence outside their kitchens and laundry rooms, yet in the same relentless manner they are being reminded of the true calling of their nature, which limits their perspective for a much more fulfilling life.Whether women ever stood equal with males on a physical and intellectual level in the eyes of society we dont know. Sure, in every era there are heroic and powerful women, but although equal of men, they became his modest due to pregnancy, birth, etc., forcing them to look to men for protection and economic assistance This dependency, especially economic dependency, became the basis of womens slavery, which oftentimes existed, and still exists, after the dependent condition was long gone. In almost every family a man would be the sole provider for the entire family, and although this task comes with an enormous amount of responsibility.

Attack Tree Model Analysis of Security Breaches

Attack Tree Model synopsis of bail Br for to each one oneesTHE SUCCESS MISUSES of estimator arrangings security breaches increased slightly in 2005, according to the FBI and the Computer certification Institute (CSI). Many security issues that apply to large enterprises definitely apply to SMBs, especially as SMBs lead more technologically sophisticated, according to Andrew Kellett, senior research analyst with U.K.-based Butler Group. You dont have to be a whileicular large organization to have some pretty complex supporting governing bodys in place, he says. (Fred Sandsmark, p11)The above-mentioned stated that there was slightly increase in computing devices fervidness in 2005. As technology evolving, companies exitingly to spend more money on computing device systems to do business activities with their associate and partners.This will increase more and more security breaches on the computer systems.The purpose of this analysis constitution is to visualise the min gled possible attack methods to agree the availability of the computers, breeding and associated resources of a small firm.Research for this report includes an attack tree diagram, showing how the hacker push aside via media the availability of the systems services, associated resources and to access sensitive selective information through different attack techniques. Each technique is the sub effectuate of the different type of attack methods, with possible assumptions prehend to each methods, the attack tree will be discussed in greater details.INTRODUCTIONThe manager of the Raylee Pte Ltd has tardily heard through the media and newspaper publications that there be numerous threats which could compromise the availability of the computers, information and associated resources. anxiety of Raylee Pte Ltd has decided to hire the security adviser firm Red Alert Security Pte Ltd to undertake a details analysis of its current computer and meshwork state in order to prevent the hackers to compromise the availability of the computers services, information and resources. The under-mentions are the ne cardinalrk and desktop environments of the Raylee Pte Ltd.There are six computers and one intra congregation server (for processing orders) within the firm.Each computer encompasses Microsoft Windows 7 and Microsoft 2007Each workstation has been patched with all updates as of March 25th, 2010.The company shares an ADSL 2+ connection amongst all computers. horde backups are done fortnightly and stored on a DVD ear name backup1Workstation backups are done bi-monthly and stored on a DVD spindle name backup2Employees have email addresses tolerated by the Internet Service Provider.Documents are shared amongst employees through a D-Link DNS-323 NASThe router is utilising a default settings and consists of a D-Link DSL G604t.Each workstation is utilising Microsoft Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool.SCOPESecurity consultant of Red Alert Security Pte Ltd will se e of the company current computer system, mesh state and desktop environment in order to prevent the hackers to compromise the availability of the computers services, information and resources. accordingly the consultant will submit a detail analysis report to the Management of Raylee Pte Ltd for recommendationsMETHODOGLYThe security consultant uses a technique known as attack tree to identify the best possible options to compromise the availability of the system services, information and resource in the quickest time. Below is the attack tree he comes up with.Compromise The Availability Of Computers, Information And Associated Resources1. upstage admittance RouterD-Link DSL G604t2. Access NASD-Link DNS-3233. 3. Gain Access Internal Server(Processing Orders)Orders)4. Steal word of honor Workstations methodologyFrom the attack tree in the previous foliate, each of the sub attack tree will be discussed in more detail.Figure 11. Remote Access Router D-Link DSL G604t1.1 De borderi ne the parole1.1.1 Learn word of honor1.1.2 Use astray know discussion1.1.3 Dictionary attacks1.1. Determine intelligence taxi and cyber criminal will enterprise to determine the password of the router in order to access the network environment and do whatever they want. We will briefly explain the methods as follows1.1.1 Learn passwordIf the substance abuser has not set new password and is using the default which is unremarkably blank.Hackers can easily search online for the manual of the particular wireless router and know the password. Hackers login the wireless router configuration page to change the setting and sabotage the network. For instance, hacker can surf this link http//www.routerpass actors line.com/index.aspto get the default password for all the routers.1.1.2 Use widely know passwordThe normal used passwords are admin, password, emailprotected, 123456,666666, qwerty, 00000000 and etc. These widely used passwords allow hackers to easily access the router.1.1. 3 Dictionary attacksAs the word mental lexicon it implies that it is one of the attack techniques use by the hackers to determine its decryption key, password or passphrase by searching the all the words which are usually seven characters or lesser chosen by the user in the dictionary.METHODOLOGYFigure 22. Access NAS D-Link DNS-3232.1 transfer server2.2 Folder File Permission2.3 P2P distribution2.1.1 quail Attack2.1.2 Misconfigure2.3.1 File poisoning2.3.2 Sybil attack2.1 FTP serverMost of the Network Attach reposition device comes with the feature of the FTP serverwhich allows user to download or transfer file conflictingly anywhere. However, this servicecreates a loophole for attacker to retrieve sensitive information and selective information. The various attack methods on FTP server are discussed as follows2.1.1 Bounce AttackFTP bounce attack is other fight technique use by the hacker to exploit the ftp protocol so that he can use the PORT command to send request access to the ftp port indirectly to another victim machine which acts as third party for such request to access the ftp.2.1.2 MisconfigureOne of the common problems is to misconfigure the ftp server which allows users to download and upload the files in the same directory (global/tmp directory) for tidy sum to share data with each other. It will create an opportunity for attacker or theft to divert the data or upload virus program to the directory. Hence employee will accidentally install the virus program and infect to the computer systems and network.2.2 Folder File PermissionProper folder and file permission must be set according to the employee roles and responsibilities. If there is no permission setting on the files and folder and gives everyone permission to read, write and take to the woods it. Then it will be easily for attacker to retrieve information upon hacking into the company network.2.3 P2P DistributionIt is a peer-to-peer file transfer protocol to allow users each dow nload different pieces of the broken file from the master key uploader (seed). Users exchange the pieces with their peers to obtain the broken ones which are missing. IT savvy employees can make use of the P2P to download their favourite(a) movies, videos, music and software. Hacker will make use of theP2P attacks to gain access into the network. There are two types of attacks which are file poisoning and Sybil attack.2.3.1 File PoisoningFile poisoning attacks operate on the data plane and have become extremely commonplace in P2P networks. The purpose of this attack is to replace a file in the network by a fake one and this file will be corrupted and no longer in use.2.3.2 Sybil AttackThe idea behind this attack is that a wizard malicious identity can present multiple identities, and thus gain control over part of the network. Once the attacker gains the control, he can abuse the protocol in any way he likes.METHODOLOGYFigure 33. Gain Access Internal Server(Processing Orders)3.1 Steal sensitive information from the database3.1.1 Gain access by internet3.1.2 Physical access to the server3.1.3 Access server from workstationOROR3.1.1.1 varan network traffic3.1.1.2 Use remote exploit3.1 Steal sensitive information from the databaseSometimes hackers are hired by the competitor to create chaos in the company network and to discriminate confidential information such as customer data, vendor data, pricing information, new overlap launch information from the computer systems. There are various methods to steal information from the database and there are as follows3.1.1 Gain Access By InternetAttack corporate network by using internet is becoming more sophisticated as technologies evolving. There is an increase of internet attacks orchestrate by the hackers to strike highly protected targets, to coordinate waves of scripted exploits and/or to conceal the true origin ofan attack.3.1.1 .1 Monitor Network TrafficCyber criminal use network monitor tools to monitor the local area networks or wide area networks. Some of the network monitoring tools such as Microsoft Network Monitor, Ettercap, TCP red cent and DSniff can be download freely from the internet. This program can intercept and log the traffic passageway over the network or part of the network. Once the information is captured by the program, hacker will decodes and analyse its content according to the appropriate RFC or other specifications.3.1.1 .2 Use Remote ExploitThe server is committed to the internet and the operating system is not updated the latest patches, wherefore the cyber attacker will use remote exploit the vulnerability of the system to infiltrated the system to steal the information and sabotage the server by destroy the database and hard disk. Since the server backups are done fortnightly, management will be facing difficulties in en replica the data.3.1.2 Physical Access To The ServerDue to the space constraint, sometime the server share space with someones cellp hone or office.This creates an opportunity for an attacker who able to access files and other data by removes the hard disk, and then attaches it to another computer. He can also use third-party operating system CD to start the computer and steal corporate data or insert USB drive to inject virus into the system.3.1.3 Access Server From WorkstationCyber attacker is not limited to hack into the server. Workstation is the often the first target the hacker will try to access because from there, he can learn about the network environment and security loopholes to attack the server. He will use the workstation as the stepping-stone to server-level modernise-in by stealing administrator passwords.METHODOLOGYFigure 44. Steal word Workstations4.1 Users Login password4.1.2 Obtain password illegally4.1.1 Social Engineering4.1.1.1 Share password4.1.1.2 Phishing4.1.2.2 Find written password4.1.2.1 Steal password4.1.2.1.2 Install keyboard sniffer4.1.2.1.1 Obtain sniffer output fileAND4.1 Users Login PasswordCompanies must know that hackers not only kindle in the corporate data, they are also interested in the employees personal data such as bank account, credit card, email addressand others. To break into the workstation, hackers will need to know the users login password.4.1.1 Social EngineeringSocial engineering is the method of non technical hacking into the system by manipulating people through social interaction via email or phone to reveal their password.4.1.1.1 share PasswordIt is very common for employees to share computer password with their colleagues. Sometimes in their absence in the office, they will usually call one another to help them login to the computer to retrieve some information.4.1.1.2 PhishingHacker can create an email or instant messaging with attach fake website link which looks closely the same as the real one to lure the user enters their personal details such as username, password, credit card details and banking credential. All these info rmation will be sending tothe hacker.4.1.2 Obtain Password IllegallyWeak password makes hacker to obtain password illegally and faster. Cyber attackers will steal the password by infect the workstation with trojan. Basically there are three types of trojan attackers can use to steal the password namely keyboard sniffer, login spoofing and password stealer. When attacker install the keyboard sniffer program which will monitor each keystroke the user has entered and this program generate the sniffer output file which send to the attacker. Sometimes hacker can pose as companys guest to access the premises. Upon entering the office, he will lookfor password which the employee written on a piece of paper and paste it around the working cubicle.CONCLUSIONCompanies are constantly at stake of losing sensitive corporate data. In this report,we have use the attack tree model to analyse various attacks method the attackers use to steal sensitive information on the server, network attach stora ge device, router and workstations. The around common and easier method is to obtain the users password by learn the password, use widely common password, dictionary attack, shared password, phishing, find written password and steal passwords. Cyber attackers and novice hackers are usual like to steal the passwords by downloading keyboard loggers, passwords cracking software, keyboard sniffers and others which are available on the website to test on their skill.Management should implement counter measures to prevent hackers to attack their system and security breaches. We recommend antivirus program to be installed onthe workstation and server as they are utilising Microsoft Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool which is not enough for the prevention of the cyber attacks.Local group policy of the password needs to enforce on the networking devices, workstation and server so that the password is not cosmos easily crack by the hackers.Lastly, passwords should be set minimum 8 char acters and contain alphanumeric and symbols for complexity.In conclusion, steal password is the easiest method for hackers to attack the computer system because local authorities might baptistery difficulties in tracking them down if they are distant hackers.GLOSSARYAttack tree Attack trees provide a formal, methodical way of describing the security of systems, based on varying attacks. Basically, you represent attacks against a system in a tree structure, with the finishing as the root node and different ways of achieving that goal as leaf nodes. (Source http//www.schneier.com/paper-attacktrees-ddj-ft.html )Social Engineering In computer security, social engineering is a term that describes a non-technical kind of intrusion that relies heavily on human interaction and often involves tricking other people to break normal security procedures.(Source http//searchsecurity.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid14_gci531120,00.html )3. Phishing Phishing is a technique of fraudulently obta ining private information.(Source http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_engineering_(security)Pretexting )4. Keyboard Sniffer A program which reads the keystrokes do by a user and transmits them tosomeone else. Such programs are usually used by intruders into computer systems in order tocapture important information such as passwords.(Source http//www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O12-keyboardsniffer.html )5. RFC Short for crave for Comments, a series of notes about the Internet, started in 1969 (when the Internet was the ARPANET). An Internet Document can be submitted to the IETF by anyone, but the IETF decides if the document becomes an RFC. Eventually, if it gains enough interest, it may evolve into an Internet standard. Each RFC is designated by an RFC number. Once published, an RFC neer changes. Modifications to an original RFC are assigned a new RFC number. (Source http//www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/RFC.html )